PURPOSE This study was conducted to define the experiences of nursing activities in Gwangju area during the May 18 (5 . 18) Democratic Uprising over 30 years ago. METHODS Data were collected in 2010 and 2011 through individual in-depth interviews. Ten nurses who worked in general hospitals in the Gwangju area during the 5 . 18 Democratic Uprising were interviewed using open-ended questions. Each interview lasted about 2~3 hours. Verbatim transcripts were analyzed using Van Kaam's method of phenomenological analysis. RESULTS Four categories emerged from the analysis: anxiety about the incident which was experienced for the first time; progress of the 5 . 18 events and relationship to participants; changes in nursing environment; retrospection and wishes related to the 5 . 18 incident. CONCLUSION This oral history study revealed more clearly of the experiences of nursing activities in the Gwangju area during the 5 . 18 Democratic Uprising. The data may provide a basis for writing history nursing in the community, and can be a basis for guidelines covering nursing care in crisis.
PURPOSE Purposes of this study were to identify non-value-added nursing activities (NVANAs) and to estimate the amount of time spent on NVANAs among total nursing activities. METHODS Non-value-added nursing activities were identified though the use of a focus group. The nurses in the focus group were nurses working in a tertiary hospital. They discussed possible activities that could be NVANAs. Based on the focus group discussion, a pilot study was done to examine the actual occurrence of NVANAs in clinical settings. RESULTS The focus group discussion showed that NVANAs occurred in ten categories of nursing performances including communication with physicians, communication with other departments, medications, equipment/supplies, nursing records, tests, admission, discharge, and transfer. Direct nursing activities accounted for 35.5% of total nursing activities while indirect nursing activities accounted for 64.5%. Of indirect nursing activities, 16% were NVANAs. Most NVANAs were related to communication and equipment/supplies. CONCLUSIONS To improve the quality and efficiency of nursing activities, it is necessary to identify NVANAs and their causes. Results of this study suggest that improvement in the work process and nursing unit structure, support for equipment/supplies, and effective communication are needed to reduce NVANAs in tertiary hospitals in Korea.
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