Purpose
Based on a literature review of artificial intelligence (AI) applications within nursing tasks, this study delves into the feasibility of employing AI to improve nursing practice in Korea.
Methods
We used "nursing" and "artificial intelligence" as keywords to search academic databases, resulting in 96 relevant studies from an initial pool of 940. After a detailed review, 35 studies were selected for analysis based on nursing process stages.
Results
AI improves nursing assessment by enhancing pain diagnosis, fall detection, and movement monitoring in older adults. It aids nursing diagnosis through clinical decision support, risk prediction, and emergency patient triage. Further, it expedites the creation of precise plans utilizing predictive models in nursing planning. AI also forecasts medication errors and reduces the nursing documentation burden for nursing implementation. Additionally, it manages (re)hospitalization risks by assessing patient risk and prognoses in nursing evaluation.
Conclusion
AI in Korean nursing can enhance assessment and diagnosis accuracy, promote a prevention-focused paradigm through risk prediction, and ease the burden of nursing practice amidst human resource shortages.

Citations

• Research trends in generative artificial intelligence in nursing: a scoping review
  Myung Jin Choi, Myoung Hee Seo, Jihun Kim, Sunmi Kim, Seok Hee Jeong
  Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2025; 55(3): 468.     CrossRef
• Concept Analysis of Social Intelligence of Nurses Using Hybrid Model
  Kyung Ran Lee, Na Kyoung Lee, Hee Oh, Kyoung Ae Park
  Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2024; 54(3): 459.     CrossRef
• Why nursing cannot be replaced with artificial intelligence
  Hae-Kyung Jo
  Women's Health Nursing.2024; 30(4): 340.     CrossRef

Purpose
This study aimed to examine the levels of professional autonomy, retention intention, and organizational commitment among public hospital nurses, while also investigating the mediating effect of organizational commitment on the relationship between professional autonomy and intention to remain.
Methods
Data for this study were collected through an online survey conducted from August 5 to August 11, 2022, targeting 230 nurses across three public hospitals within a single region. Data analysis was performed using SPSS/WIN 23.0.
Results
Organizational commitment fully mediated the relationship between professional autonomy and retention intentions among public hospital nurses. Positive correlations were observed between professional autonomy and retention intention (r=.24, p<.001), organizational commitment and intention to remain (r=.72, p<.001), as well as professional autonomy and retention intention (r=.34, p<.001).
Conclusion
; To enhance the retain intention among public hospital nurses, it is imperative to focus on program development and institutional administrative efforts aimed at ensuring professional autonomy and fostering organizational commitment.

Citations

• The Effects of Presenteeism, Burnout, and Nursing Performance on Retention Intention among Nurses at an Intensive Care Unit
  Seung-Hee Lee, Na Rin Kim
  Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration.2025; 31(3): 269.     CrossRef
• Retention and Associated Factors among Nurses in Small- and Medium-Sized Hospitals across South Korea
  Eun Mi Kim, Su Jung Choi, mi sug Lee, Hyun Jin Park, Jeong Yun Park
  Journal of Korean Critical Care Nursing.2025; 18(3): 16.     CrossRef

Purpose
The study aimed to identify the factors impacting nurse unit managers’ knowledge and ability importance of managerial competencies.
Methods
The participants were 200 nurse unit managers who worked at general hospitals or tertiary care hospitals. Data were collected from February 1 to June 30, 2021, and analyzed using descriptive statistics, independent t-test, paired t-test, ANOVA, and stepwise multiple regression analysis with IBM SPSS/WIN 26.0.
Results
Nurse unit managers perceived the ability of managerial competencies to be less important than knowledge thereof. Overall, nurse unit managers perceived the importance of human and technical competencies as the most important, while the importance of financial managerial competency as the lowest. The significant predictors of knowledge and ability importance of managerial competencies were ‘nursing environment’ and ‘research experience’, and the input variables explained 34% of knowledge importance and 25% of ability importance.
Conclusion
Nurse administrators should continue to pay attention to the nursing environment, provide nursing unit managers with opportunities to conduct various research and provide related education.

Purpose
This study investigated the mediating effects of patient safety management activities on the relationship between nurse-nurse collaboration, nurse-physician collaboration, and nursing performance of clinical nurses.
Methods
Online survey was performed from February 18 to February 28, 2023 using structured questionnaires. The participants were 212 clinical nurses working in tertiary general hospitals in South Korea. The participants completed self-reporting questionnaires, that measured nurse-nurse collaboration, nurse-physician collaboration, nursing performance, and patient safety management activities. Data were analyzed using SPSS 29.0 program, for multiple regression and a simple mediation model, applying the PROCESS macro with a 95% bias-corrected bootstrap confidence interval.
Results
Nurses' patient safety management activities had a mediating effect on the relationship between nurse-nurse collaboration and nursing performance (B=0.24, Boot 95% CI=0.16∼0.34). In addition, patient safety management activities showed a mediating effect on the relationship between nurse-physician collaboration and nursing performance (B=0.10, Boot 95% CI=0.07∼0.15).
Conclusion
The levels of nurse-nurse collaboration, nurse-physician collaboration, and patient safety management activities must be considered when developing strategies to improve nurses’ performance in nursing practice settings.

Citations

• Nurses’s Experience with Department Transfer Following Sudden Ward Closure after a Collective Resignation of Residents
  Yeon Hee Kim, Jeong Min Jo, Hye Mi Kim, Gyu Ri An, Na Yeon Lee, Hee Suk Ha
  Journal of Korean Association for Qualitative Research.2025; 10(1): 14.     CrossRef

Purpose
Nursing students are future healthcare workers responsible for maintaining public health. Owing to the increase in early resignation among new nurses, nursing education outcomes must be evaluated by investigating students' practice readiness.
Methods
Using convenience sampling, we recruited fourth-year students from two nursing colleges to participate in a cross-sectional online survey in November 2023. The Casey-Fink Readiness for Practice Survey was used to assess practice readiness and the data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, independent t-tests, and ANOVA.
Results
Among the 157 participants (female, 77.7%; mean age, 23.12±1.93 yrs), the overall practice readiness score was 63.53±8.30 (range: 20~80) and the mean subscale score was 23.14±3.73 for clinical problem-solving (range: 7~28), 6.69±1.25 for learning techniques (range: 2~8), 16.87±2.46 for professional identity (range: 5~20), and 16.82±3.46 for trials and tribulations (range: 6~24). Practice readiness did not differ significantly by gender or age and was greater among subgroups with high grades and satisfaction with the major, classroom practice, simulation practice, clinical practice, and lectures.
Conclusion
Universities must improve the quality of classes and practical education to enhance fourth-year nursing students’ practice readiness. Nursing education programs incorporating problem-based learning must be developed and evaluated to strengthen students’ clinical inference and critical-thinking skills.

Purpose
This conceptual analysis aimed to reveal the “role conflict of physician assistants with nursing licenses in Korea” by defining and organizing its concept.
Methods
This study used the conceptual analysis process of Walker and Avant.
Results
The role conflict of Korean physician assistant nurses can be defined by the following attributes: “Confusion of identity,” “Psychological burden of work,” “Anxiety and fear of legal responsibility,” “Anxiety about an uncertain future,” “Relative deprivation,” “Sense of neglect,” and a “Lack of sense of belonging.” The antecedents identified were: “unclear work boundaries,” “absence of work guidelines,” “excessive work and poor environment,” “Absence of regulations and administrative regulation,” “Exclusion from unfair treatment and promotion,” “Difficulty measuring job performance,” “Absence of job autonomy,” and “Physician group interest pursuit.” The consequences were: “Decreased job satisfaction,” “Decreased sense of achievement,” “Decreased self-esteem,” “Limited growth,” “Increased turnover intentions,” “Exhaustion of mind and body,” “Career identity crisis,” and “Frustrations.” Conclusion: This study provides basic data for constructing a theory concerning role conflict among Korean dedicated nurses and promotes the development of measurement tools. Furthermore, it meaningfully presents both theoretical grounds for reducing the role conflict of dedicated nurses and evidence for legalization.

Citations

• Effects of Role Conflict, Work Environment, and Meaning of Work on Job Embeddedness among Physician Assistants
  Kwang Hoon Seo, Tae Yeong Yang, Nam Gyu Park, Jung Eun Park
  Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration.2025; 31(3): 249.     CrossRef
• Role Transformation and Adaptation of Physician Assistants during the 2024 Medical Workforce Shortage: A Phenomenological Study
  Tae Yeong Yang, Nahyun Lee
  Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration.2025; 31(3): 259.     CrossRef
• A study on the job performance, importance, and educational needs of clinical practice nurses in tertiary hospitals
  Hyemi Lee, Youngmee Ahn, Min Sohn, Minhee Suh
  The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education.2025; 31(3): 315.     CrossRef
• The Influence of Clinical Practice Nurses' Self-Leadership, Role Conflict, and Practice Environment on Patient Safety Competency
  Jeong Hwa Heo, Ji Hyun Sung
  Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration.2025; 31(4): 458.     CrossRef
• Legal and Practical Solutions for the Expanding the Roles of Medical Support Staff Nurses
  Su Jung Choi, Min Young Kim
  Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2024; 54(3): 300.     CrossRef

Purpose
This study aimed to analyze how professional nursing intuition is acquired and develop a corresponding theory.
Methods
This qualitative study used the grounded theory method proposed by Strauss and Corbin (1998).
Results
Through axial coding, conflict was identified as the causal condition directly leading to the establishment of ‘me’ as a professional nurse, the central phenomenon. Personal competence, educational needs, and work environment were revealed as the contextual conditions. Social recognition, autonomy, and professionalism were the mediating conditions. The actions and interactions were divided into indifference-realistic and compromise-selfdirected. Dissatisfaction-mechanical, ambivalence -technical, and self-actualization-qualitative and independent nursing were derived. Through selective coding, the core category was derived as ‘becoming a nurse is desirable for myself and others.’ Conclusion: To meet the contemporary need for nurses with professional intuition. It was confirmed that nurses must demonstrate self-will and make continuous efforts to establish ‘me’ as professional nurses. To motivate nurses to acquire professional intuition, measures for social and institutional improvement should be developed to enhance the nursing education curriculum, work environment, autonomy, and professionalism.

Purpose
This study investigated whether the work environment affects nurses' turnover intention with career motivation and job satisfaction acting as mediating factors.
Methods
Data were collected from January 6-25, 2022, using a cross-sectional design. The participants were 205 nurses who had worked for more than six months at four small-to-medium-sized general hospitals in South Korea. Data analysis consisted of descriptive statistics, Pearson's correlation coefficients, independent t-tests, one-way ANOVAs, Scheffé test, and mediation analysis using Hayes’ PROCESS Macro Model 6.
Results
The nursing work environment had a significant positive association with career motivation and job satisfaction and negative effects on nurses' turnover intention. The single mediating effect of job satisfaction and the serial mediation effects of career motivation and job satisfaction on the relationship between the nursing work environment and turnover intention were significant. Thus, nurses' positive perceptions of the work environment strengthened career motivation, which in turn increased job satisfaction and reduced turnover intention.
Conclusion
Providing a healthy work environment to nurses can help reduce their turnover intention. Therefore, the government and hospitals should implement human resource strategies to improve nursing work environments and take steps to enhance career motivation and job satisfaction to strengthen nurse retention.

Citations

• Association Between Nurse Turnover and Nurses’ Perception of Patient Outcomes in Acute Care Hospitals in South Korea
  Sung-Heui Bae
  Journal of Nursing Care Quality.2025; 40(4): E57.     CrossRef

Purpose
To estimate the number of practicing nurses required to resolve staffing differences between capital and non-capital regions and analyze the relationship between regional differences in staffing and salary.
Methods
Using public data on population, patients, newly licensed nurses, practicing nurses, and annual salaries, regional differences were analyzed in newly licensed nurses per population, practicing nurses per population, practicing nurses per patient (i.e., staffing level), and salary. The number of additionally required practicing nurses was estimated by multiplying staffing differences by the number of patients in the lower-staffed region.
Results
During 2002~2022, 71,107 and 243,611 newly licensed nurses were supplied, while the number of practicing nurses increased by 91,886 and 88,070 in the capital and non-capital regions, respectively. The non-capital region had more practicing nurses per population, whereas the capital region had more practicing nurses per patient. In 2020, 31,330 practicing nurses were additionally required in the non-capital region. Salaries were higher in the capital region, and regional salary differences increased during 2011~2020. Regional salary differences were associated with regional staffing differences and the number of additionally required practicing nurses.
Conclusion
Government and health insurance policies are required to encourage hospitals in the non-capital region to improve staffing and salaries.

Citations

• Changes in Nursing Grades and Nurse Staffing Levels following the 2024 Revision of Nursing Management Fee Standards: A Focus on Tertiary Hospitals and Medical Institutions in Seoul
  Hyeyoung Choi, Kiyoung Kim, Su-Jin Cho, Suyong Jeong
  Health Insurance Review & Assessment Service Research.2025; 5(1): 58.     CrossRef

Purpose
Turnover rates among nurses in South Korea are higher than those of other job groups, affecting hospital performance. This study clarified the mediating role of perceived organizational and supervisor support in the relationship between nurses’ organizational citizenship behavior and turnover intention.
Methods
This study involved a descriptive survey of 160 nurses working in two hospitals in S, South Korea. Data were analyzed using the Hayes PROCESS macro (Model 4) program, version 3.4.
Results
Organizational citizenship behavior was positively correlated with perceived organizational support and perceived supervisor support but negatively correlated with turnover intention. Perceived organizational support was positively correlated with perceived supervisor support. Additionally, perceived organizational and supervisor support were negatively correlated with turnover intention. The authors verified the mediating role of perceived organizational support in the relationship between organizational citizenship behavior and turnover intention. However, the mediating role of perceived supervisor support was not confirmed.
Conclusion
The higher a nurse’s organizational citizenship behavior, the higher their perceived organizational support, which reduces turnover intention. High-quality nursing contributes to organizational performance; therefore, the nursing workforce should be carefully preserved.

Citations

• Measured nursing perception of the working environment through authentic leadership with technology support and OCB among Chinese public hospitals
  Abid Hussain, Wang Ruowei, Xu Xia, Shahida Kanwel, Shen Chunhong, Arif Jameel
  BMC Nursing.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Perceived Organisational Support as a Mediator Between Green Organisational Culture and Organisational Commitment: Evidence From Manufacturing Firms in Peru
  Cristian Villar, Ruben Guevara
  SAGE Open.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Nurse Engagement in Professional and Organisational Citizenship Over the Past Decade: An Integrative Review
  Adrianna Watson, Carmel Bond, Rebecca Jarden, Debra Jackson
  Journal of Advanced Nursing.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef

Purpose
This study examined the influence of patient safety management systems, leadership, and communication types on nurses’ patient safety management activities.
Methods
Participants were 237 nurses who has been working in medical institutes for over 6 months. Online self-report questionnaires were conducted. Measures included patient safety management systems, transformational leadership, authentic leadership, communication types, and patient safety management activities. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson’s correlation coefficients, and multiple regression with SPSS/WIN 24.0.
Results
According to the general characteristics, patient safety management activities were higher among nurses who were female (t=4.27, p<.001), charge nurses (t=-2.41, p=.016), had healthcare accreditation experience (t=4.36, p<.001), and worked in nursing units implementing a team nursing method (F=6.26, p=.002) with more than 30 nurses (F=6.28, p=.043). Female nurses (β=.16, p=.015) with high authentic leadership (β=.21, p=.002), low informal communication (β=-.21, p=.004), and high downward communication (β=.19, p=.009) showed higher patient safety management activities. The models' explanatory power was 21.0%.
Conclusion
Based on the results of this study, further research is needed to investigate the differences in patient safety management activities according to gender, the number of nurses per ward, and the nursing delivery system. Lowering informal communication and strengthening authentic leadership and downward communication may improve nurses’ patient safety management activities.

Purpose
This study aimed to determine the impact of work environment, missed nursing care, and non-nursing tasks on the job stress of hospital nurses.
Methods
A descriptive, cross-sectional survey of 164 nurses working in three hospitals was conducted. Data were collected using structured questionnaires and analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, one-way analysis of variance, Pearson’s correlation coefficient, and multiple regression analysis using SPSS/WIN 26.0.
Results
Hospital Nurses' job stress was negatively correlated with the work environment (r=-.37, p<.001). Job stress had a statistically significant positive correlation with non-nursing tasks (r=.34, p<.001); however, it had no significant correlation with missed nursing care (r=.05, p=.552). Regression model analysis revealed that the variables associated with job stress were non-nursing tasks (β=.29, p<.001) and the foundation for quality nursing care (β=-.25, p=.034), which are subdomains of the work environment. In contrast, missed nursing care was not determined to be a significant factor.
Conclusion
To effectively manage nurses' job stress, nurse managers should provide higher quality care by reducing the number of non-nursing tasks and creating a positive work environment, especially by providing adequate nursing workforce and material support.

Citations

• Effects of Role Conflict, Work Environment, and Meaning of Work on Job Embeddedness among Physician Assistants
  Kwang Hoon Seo, Tae Yeong Yang, Nam Gyu Park, Jung Eun Park
  Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration.2025; 31(3): 249.     CrossRef
• Occupational Stress, Coping, and Outcomes among Korean Nurses: An Integrative Review Based on the Transactional Model of Stress and Coping
  Myungji Kim, Hyunkyung Choi
  STRESS.2025; 33(3): 127.     CrossRef
• Comparison of Factors Affecting Delirium Nursing Stress between Nurses in Comprehensive Nursing Care Service Wards and General Wards
  Sumin Gwon, Gaeun Kim
  Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration.2024; 30(5): 517.     CrossRef

Purpose
This study aimed to identify the factors influencing nurses’ perceptions of the disclosure of patient safety incidents in tertiary hospitals.
Methods
As a descriptive study, data were collected from 315 nurses working in two tertiary hospitals in Busan via structured self-report questionnaires from June 28 to September 3, 2023, through an online survey. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson’s correlation coefficients, and hierarchical regression analysis with SPSS/WIN 27.0.
Results
Analysis was conducted by controlling for the characteristics of the study participants, which revealed significant differences in their perceptions of the disclosure of patient safety incidents. Ethical nursing competence (β=.30, p<.001) and patient safety culture (β=.15, p=.012) were significant influencing factors on the perception of such disclosure, and the explanatory power of the regression model was 21.0% (F=14.63, p<.001).
Conclusion
To enhance the aforementioned perception among nurses in tertiary hospitals, healthcare institutions should provide learning opportunities to improve their ethical nursing competence. Fostering an organizational culture that promotes and encourages open disclosure of patient safety incidents is also essential.

Citations

• Impact of Nursing Professionalism, Ethical Sensitivity, and the Clinical Learning Environment on Nursing Students' Intention to Report Near Misses and Adverse Events
  Sookhee Yoon, Ha-Young Park
  Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing.2025; 32(2): 209.     CrossRef
• Factors Influencing End-of-life Care Competency in Nursing Students
  Jinryung Park, Minjeong Seo
  Korean Journal of Medical Ethics.2024; 27(4): 267.     CrossRef

Purpose
This study aimed to explore the relationship between grit and work engagement among millennial and Generation Z (MZ generation) nurses, as well as the moderating effect of work friendships on this relationship.
Methods
The study included 191 MZ generation nurses with over six months of experience, surveyed via a self-administered questionnaire at four general hospitals in Daejeon and Seoul from December 2020 to February 2021. Descriptive statistics, t-tests, one-way analysis of variance, Pearson’s correlation analysis, and hierarchical multiple regression were used to analyze the collected data. The PROCESS macro program with bootstrapping was employed to evaluate the significance of mediating effects.
Results
Work friendships partially mediated the association between grit and work engagement, with an explanatory power of 29.9%. The significance of the indirect mediating effect using bootstrapping analysis indicated an effect size of 0.33, a lower limit confidence interval of 0.17, and an upper limit confidence interval of 0.52, which was significant as it did not include Zero.
Conclusion
Developing a program to improve grit is necessary to increase the work engagement of MZ generation nurses, and establishing and implementing a program to improve work friendships, along with education for individual nurses, is crucial.

Citations

• Impact of Superior's Ethical Leadership as Perceived by Nurses on Nursing Performance: Mediating Effect of Faith in Supervisor
  Miyoung Kim, Hyung-Eun Seo, Eun-Young Doo, Won-Jin Ju
  Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration.2017; 23(5): 483.     CrossRef
• Effects of Empowerment and Job Satisfaction on Nursing Performance of Clinical Nurses
  Ji-Yeon Choi, Eun-Kyung Kim, Se Young Kim
  Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration.2014; 20(4): 426.     CrossRef
• The Effect of Empowerment on Nursing Performance, Job Satisfaction, Organizational Commitment, and Turnover Intention in Hospital Nurses
  Eun Hee Oh, Bok Yae Chung
  Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration.2011; 17(4): 391.     CrossRef
• Relationship between Critical Thinking Disposition, Clinical Decision Making and Job Satisfaction of Cancer Center Nurses
  Sam Chul Jung, Dukyoo Jung
  Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration.2011; 17(4): 443.     CrossRef

Purpose
This study aimed to identify the effects of shared leadership, communication skills, and team effectiveness, as perceived by nurses and nursing assistants in comprehensive nursing service units.
Methods
A cross-sectional research design was adopted, and the sample included 306 nurses, nurse assistants, and caregivers working in nine hospitals with fewer than 500 beds in two South Korean cities. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-tests, ANOVA, Pearson’s correlation coefficient, and four-step hierarchical regression analysis.
Results
The factors influencing team effectiveness in the hierarchal multiple regression analysis were shared leadership (β=.57, p<.001) and communication skills (β=.18, p<.001). These factors explained 49% of the total variance.
Conclusion
To enhance team effectiveness in compressive nursing service units, educational programs focusing on shared leadership and communication skills among nurses, nursing assistants, and caregivers must be developed.

Citations

• Effects of Shared Leadership, Role Conflict, and Organizational Commitment on Patient-Safety Competency Among Clinical Nurses
  Hye-Jeong Hwang
  Journal of Digital Contents Society.2025; 26(7): 1821.     CrossRef

Purpose
This study investigated the effects of newly graduated nurses’ perceived readiness for nursing practice, resilience, and preceptors’ teaching behaviors on turnover intention.
Methods
A survey was conducted among 168 newly graduated nurses between August 7 and 31, 2023. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-tests, one-way ANOVA, Pearson's correlation, and hierarchical multiple regression analysis.
Results
The factors that significantly affected turnover intention included preceptors' teaching behavior (β=-.29, p=.001) and resilience (β=-.21, p=.026). This model explained 32.0% of the variance.
Conclusion
Newly graduated nurses’ resilience and their initial training environment are key factors influencing turnover intention. Therefore, nursing managers should develop strategies to enhance the resilience of newly graduated nurses and improve training systems. Additionally, efforts should be made to promote positive teaching behaviors among the educators responsible for training newly graduated nurses.

Citations

• Perceptions on Fixed Night Shift System and Turnover Intention of General Hospital Nurses
  Mi-Aie Lee, Hye-Jin Cho, Sung-Hee Ahn, Hyo-Ju Kim
  Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration.2015; 21(5): 519.     CrossRef

Purpose
Nursing care activities for patient safety are important to prevent accidents. This study aimed to examine the association between nurses’ perception of patient safety culture, willingness to report near misses, critical thinking disposition, and nursing care activities for patient safety.
Methods
In this cross-sectional study, data were obtained from online surveys conducted with 201 ward nurses. An independent t-test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson’s correlation coefficient test, and multiple linear regression analysis were performed using IBM SPSS/WIN 21.0.
Results
Perceptions of patient safety culture, willingness to report near misses, critical thinking disposition, and nursing activities for patient safety were all correlated with each other. According to the regression model, significant factors influencing nursing care activities for patient safety were medical ward (β=-.28, p=.010), critical thinking disposition (β=.27, p<.001), willingness to report near misses (β=.19, p=.004), perceptions of patient safety culture (β=.19, p=.007), and work experience (β=-.18, p=.016).
Conclusion
Improving nurses’ perceptions of patient safety culture, promoting the reporting of near misses, and strengthening nurses' critical thinking dispositions can foster patient-safety nursing care activities. Additionally, a tailored patient safety education program that considers nursing work experience may be appropriate for patient-safety nursing care activities.

Citations

• Impact of Grit, Teamwork, Organizational Communication Competence, Perception of Patient Safety Culture on Patient Safety Nursing Activities in Integrated Nursing Care Units
  Jeeseon Kim, Haejung Lee
  Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration.2025; 31(3): 237.     CrossRef

Purpose
This study investigated the effects of job embeddedness and resilience on the relationship between job rotation stress and nursing work performance among clinical nurses. Methods: We conducted a nationwide online survey with 205 nurses employed at advanced general or general hospitals. Data were collected from August 17 to October 5, 2021. We analyzed the data using various descriptive statistics, independent t-tests, one-way analysis of variance, Scheffé test, Welch test, Games-Howell test, Pearson's correlation coefficients, multiple regression, and the PROCESS macro with a 95% bias-corrected bootstrap confidence interval. These analyses were conducted using SPSS Windows Software version 23.0 and SPSS PROCESS macro version 3.5.2. Results: Nurses' job embeddedness mediated the relationship between job rotation stress and nursing work performance (B=-0.02, p<.05). Furthermore, their resilience moderated this mediated relationship, also known as moderated mediation, with job embeddedness as the mediating factor (B=-0.02, p<.05). Conclusion: These findings imply that, when devising a strategy to improve the nursing work performance of nurses undergoing job rotation, their resilience levels should be considered. Reducing job rotation stress while concurrently enhancing job embeddedness is essential for enhancing the nursing work performance of nurses with high levels of resilience.

Purpose
This concept analysis aimed to deepen the understanding of Quiet Quitting among nurses by identifying its antecedents, defining attributes, and consequences.
Methods
This study employed Walker and Avant’s conceptual analysis framework.
Results
Quiet Quitting among nurses is defined as “a state in which individuals pursue harmony between their work and personal lives by performing only the minimum required tasks, rejecting workplace initiatives, and expressing passive resistance to organizational and job dissatisfaction.” Key antecedents include “fatigue resulting from changes in the healthcare environment”, “lack of managerial competence”, “role stress”, “toxic organizational culture”, “financial problem” and “Generation Z’s evolving perspective on work”. The analysis highlight five primary concerns: a decline in nursing care quality, increased likelihood of job turnover, conflicts with colleagues and supervisors, reduced job satisfaction, and a diminished personal competency.
Conclusion
This study provides a clear definition of Quiet Quitting among nurses and establishes a theoretical basis for addressing the issue. Additionally, it underscores the need for further research, including the development of measurement tools, to better understand and mitigate this phenomenon.

Purpose
The study aimed to classify patient safety accident and nursing malpractice types through a content analysis of litigation cases in which nurses were found guilty.
Methods
Data on malpractice cases were collected from the official website of the Korean judiciary. This analysis was conducted in stages according to the systematic content analysis method. A total of 46 cases consisting of 14 criminal cases and 32 civil cases were selected for analysis, and classified based on the types of safety accident and nursing malpractice.
Results
Eleven categories and 14 subcategories of accidents were extracted from 71 significant statements. The 11 categories of accidents consisted of falls, medication, burns, treatment, diet, medical equipment, delivery, exams, surgery, infection, and suicide. Five categories and 14 subcategories of nursing malpractice were extracted from 71 significant statements. The five categories of malpractice were as follows: failure to take affirmative action to prevent accidents, monitor, follow guidelines, use equipment properly, and reports.
Conclusion
These findings highlight the importance of nurses’ independent roles as patients’ safety managers. It can be used as primary data to develop organizational and educational support for nurses seeking to perform their professional roles in ensuring patient safety.

Citations

• Effects of Discussion-Based Legality-Focused Nursing Record Education on Nursing Students’ Knowledge, Self-Confidence, and Nursing Record Performance
  Dohye Kim, Kyoungrim Kang, Jeongyeong Jeon
  Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing.2025; 32(1): 14.     CrossRef
• Influencing Factors of Coping Strategies in Mothers of High‐Risk Newborns: Perceived Stress and Nursing Support
  Jung‐A Kim, Hye‐Young Jang
  International Journal of Nursing Practice.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Development of Guidelines for the Delegation of Nursing Tasks in Integrated Nursing Care Service
  Yeojin Yi, Haena Lim, Ji-Mee Kim, Jung-Hee Song
  Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration.2024; 30(2): 114.     CrossRef
• Characteristics of Nursing-related Patient Safety Incidents and Qualitative Content Analysis: Secondary data Analysis of Medical Litigation Judgment (2014~ 2018)
  Min-Ji Kim, Won Lee, Sang-Hee Kim, So-Yoon Kim
  Quality Improvement in Health Care.2023; 29(2): 15.     CrossRef

Purpose
The study aims to confirm the mediating effect of nursing professional pride in the relationship between nursing practice environment, nursing performance, and retention intention.
Methods
A descriptive cross-sectional survey was conducted from December 13 to 31, 2021, involving 127 nurses. The following statistical analysis was conducted: t-test, ANOVA, Scheffé test, Pearson's correlation coefficient analysis, and Hayes Process Macro Model 4 (to test the mediating effect).
Results
Nursing practice environment showed a significant positive correlation with nursing performance, retention intention, and nursing professional pride. Nursing practice performance showed a positive correlation with retention intention and nursing professional pride, and retention intention showed a significant positive correlation with nursing professional pride. The mediating effect of nursing professional pride was found in the effect of nurses' nursing practice environment on their retention intention. In addition, the mediating effect of nursing professional pride was found in the effect of nurses' nursing practice performance on their retention intention.
Conclusion
Through this study, it was confirmed that nursing professional pride is a major A factor affecting retention intention in the hospital. Therefore, in order to increase nurses' retention intention to remain in Hospital, the basis of basic data was presented for strategy development.

Citations

• A Grounded Theory Approach to Understanding Retention among Career Nurses in Clinical Practice
  Su Mi Choi, Ji Won Kim
  The Korean Journal of Health Service Management.2025; 19(2): 57.     CrossRef
• Retention and Associated Factors among Nurses in Small- and Medium-Sized Hospitals across South Korea
  Eun Mi Kim, Su Jung Choi, mi sug Lee, Hyun Jin Park, Jeong Yun Park
  Journal of Korean Critical Care Nursing.2025; 18(3): 16.     CrossRef

Purpose
The purpose of this study was to explore the experiences through which nurses overcame turnover intention when first joining the field. Methods: Study subjects included 10 nurses, each of whom had four to six years of work experience at a general hospital. The experiences of overcoming turnover intentions were analyzed from the perspectives of beginner and experienced nurses, using qualitative contents analysis as a method of deduction. Results: The subjects’ turnover intention was low, with an average score of 2.25±0.35. Five themes and 15 sub-themes were extracted from their experiences. The five themes included: “gaining an understanding of the nursing scene”, “experiencing a support system”, “being satisfied with my job”, “developing into a skilled nurse”, and “overcoming and growing”. Conclusion: Subjects maintained low levels of turnover intention, and they were able handle difficulty and grow into their careers as nurses. These findings may inform the development of programs to overcome turnover intention, specifically in terms of factors affecting norvice nurses’ positive achievement factor.

Citations

• Influential factors of moral distress and job satisfaction on turnover intention of long-term care hospital nurses: A cross-sectional descriptive study
  Ningjie Liu, Sun Mi Ha
  Journal of Korean Gerontological Nursing.2025; 27(2): 216.     CrossRef
• The Experience of turnover to long-term care hospital nurse: A phenomenological qualitative research
  Inhee Choo, Milim Cho, Eunha Kim
  Journal of Korean Gerontological Nursing.2024; 26(4): 392.     CrossRef
• Influences of Organizational Culture, Nursing Workplace Spirituality, and Nurses’ Perceived Health Status on Quality of Nursing Work Life according to Nursing Clinical Ladder
  Hyun Sook Lee, Ju Hyun Jin, Ju Ri Lee, Hye Jin Kim, Yeon Jae Jung
  Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration.2024; 30(1): 31.     CrossRef
• Experiences of Career Nurses Balancing Clinical Nursing with Ongoing Studies
  Yunhyung Kim, Yeonsook Joo, Eun Hee Kang, Jeong Hye Kim
  Journal of Korean Association for Qualitative Research.2024; 9(3): 215.     CrossRef
• Mediating Effect of Leader-Member Exchange on the Ethical Leadership of Nursing Unit Managers and Turnover Intention of Clinical Nurses: A Nationwide Survey using Proportional Quota Sampling
  Jihun Kim, Sunmi Kim, Nara Han, Seok Hee Jeong
  Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration.2024; 30(1): 42.     CrossRef
• Examining the experiences of mid-career nurses in hospitals: a phenomenological study
  Yukyung Ko, Soyoung Yu, Bohyun Park
  Contemporary Nurse.2024; 60(4): 333.     CrossRef

Purpose
This study aimed to identify the mediating effects of positive psychological capital on the relationship between occupational stress and organizational commitment in physician assistant nurses.
Methods
The participants were 152 physician assistant nurses recruited from two university hospitals. Data was collected through a survey. The SPSS/WIN program (version 25.0) was used for the data analysis. Data was analyzed using descriptive stastics, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson’s correlation analysis, and hierarchical regression.
Results
There was a significant negative correlation organizational commitment and occupational stress (r=-.57, p<.001), and a positive correlation with positive psychological capital (r=.47, p<.001). There was a negative correlation (r=-.32, p<.001) between occupational stress and positive psychological capital. In addition, positive psychological capital had a partial mediating effect on the relationship between occupational stress and organizational commitment (β=.32, p<.001).
Conclusion
Positive psychological capital serves as a partial mediator in the relationship between occupational stress and organizational commitment among physician assistant nurses. The results of this study can be used reduce occupational stress and improve organizational commitment by improving the positive psychological capital of physician-assistant nurses.

Citations

• Role Transformation and Adaptation of Physician Assistants during the 2024 Medical Workforce Shortage: A Phenomenological Study
  Tae Yeong Yang, Nahyun Lee
  Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration.2025; 31(3): 259.     CrossRef
• The Influence of Clinical Practice Nurses' Self-Leadership, Role Conflict, and Practice Environment on Patient Safety Competency
  Jeong Hwa Heo, Ji Hyun Sung
  Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration.2025; 31(4): 458.     CrossRef

Purpose
To validate the Korean version of the Attitudes towards Men in Nursing Questionnaire (K-AMnQ) using a sample of Korean nurses.
Methods
To measure the perceptions of male nurses, this study translated and adapted the AMnQ developed in India to the Korean context and collected data from 319 nurses. Item analysis, exploratory factor analysis, and confirmatory factor analysis were conducted on the collected data to verify convergent validity and discriminant validity, and the Korean version of the male nurse recognition scale was finalized with three factors and nine questions.
Results
The analysis showed that the scale had both validity and reliability.
Conclusion
This tool can be used to improve attitudes and interventions among male nurses.

Purpose
This study aimed to identify the mediating effects of self-leadership and resilience on the relationship between preceptors’ clinical teaching behavior and field adaptation of new graduate nurses.
Methods
Data were collected from 184 new graduate nurses working at two advanced general hospitals. The research model was designed based on PROCESS macro (model 6) proposed by Hayes and analyzed using SPSS 26.0 program.
Results
The results showed a positive correlation between preceptors’ clinical teaching behavior and self-leadership, resilience, and field adaptation. Preceptors’ clinical teaching behavior (β=.18, p<.001) and resilience (β=.14, p=.030) had a direct effect on the field adaptation of new graduate nurses. Self-leadership and resilience had a serial double mediating effect. Preceptors’ clinical teaching behavior had a significant effect on the field adaptation of new graduate nurses through self-leadership and resilience.
Conclusion
To improve the field adaptation of new graduate nurses, the government should expand the current education support project to provide sufficient manpower. Moreover, medical institutions and nursing organizations should develop and apply programs to strengthen preceptor’s clinical teaching behavior.

Citations

• The Effect of Newly Graduated Nurses' Perceived Nursing Practice Readiness, Resilience, and Preceptors' Teaching Behavior on Turnover Intention
  Jinhee Kim, Eunhee Lee
  Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration.2025; 31(2): 167.     CrossRef
• The Effect of Communication in Emergency Department Isolation Rooms Using Smart Glasses: A Mixed‐Methods Study
  Soyoung Park, Hyeongsuk Lee
  Journal of Clinical Nursing.2025; 34(10): 4340.     CrossRef
• Leadership of Novice and Advanced Beginner Nurses: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
  Sunmi Kim, Myoung Hee Seo, Seok Hee Jeong
  Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration.2025; 31(4): 371.     CrossRef

Purpose
The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between patient-centered care and the patient experience according to inpatients. Additionally, the effect of patient-centered care on the patient experience was explored.
Methods
Using a structured-questionnaire, data were collected from 147 inpatients in a tertiary care hospital for the period October 12-24, 2021. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, a t-test, ANOVA, Scheffé’s test, Pearson’s correlation coefficients, and a multiple linear regression using SPSS/WIN 26.0.
Results
Patient-centered care was positively correlated with the patient experience (r=.66, p<.001), and patient-centered care was found to be a variable affecting the patient experience. Further, explanatory power was assessed at 43%.
Conclusion
The results of this study indicate that the provision of individualized care must reflect patient-centered care to ensure a positive patient experience, and nurses should not only perform interventions through medication or nursing processes, but also by listening to and interacting with patients based on their needs.

Citations

• The Mediating Role of Patient Safety Perception in the Relationship between Right to Know and Patient Participation among Inpatients
  Sun-Hwa Shin, On-Jeon Baek
  Korean Journal of Adult Nursing.2025; 37(2): 114.     CrossRef
• Effects of Empathy, Interpersonal Competence, and Nursing Professionalism on Person-centered Care Competency among Nursing Students
  So-Yeon Gim, Jeong-Ah Ahn
  Journal of Korean Critical Care Nursing.2025; 18(2): 26.     CrossRef
• Mediating Effect of Team Effectiveness of the Nursing Unit on the Nursing Work Environment and Patient-Centered Nursing: A Cross-Sectional Study
  Se Young Kim, Young Ko
  Healthcare.2025; 13(17): 2080.     CrossRef
• Intensive Care Experience of Critical Care Patients and Its Related Factors : A Secondary Analysis Study
  Jiyeon Kang, Hyojeong Woo
  Journal of Korean Critical Care Nursing.2023; 16(3): 11.     CrossRef

Purpose
This study aimed to identify the impact of nursing organizational culture and nursing practice environment on generational conflict in organization among hospital nurses. Methods: This study utilized a cross-sectional design. The participants consisted of 214 nurses working at two tertiary general hospitals, which were located in B city. Data were collected from January 15 to January 31, 2022, using self-report questionnaires. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, one-way ANOVA, independent t-test, Pearson's correlation coefficient and multiple regression analysis using IBM/SPSS 28.0 for Windows. Results: The mean generational conflict in organization was 2.60±0.74 points on a 5-point scale. Multiple regression indicated that the factors influencing generational conflict in organization included relation-oriented nursing organizational culture (β=-.29, p<.001), hierarch-oriented nursing organizational culture (β=-.29, p<.001), hierarch-oriented nursing organizational culture (β=.17, p=.006) and clinical career, and these variables explained 23.0% of generational conflict in organization. Conclusion: The findings of this study suggest that it is necessary to improve relation-oriented nursing organizational culture and avoid hierarch-oriented nursing organizational culture to decrease generational conflict in organization.

Citations

• Influence of Self-awareness, Communication Efficacy, Empathy, and Nursing Organizational Culture on Communication Competence among Hospital Nurses
  Sunhee Jung, Sunyoung Jung
  Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration.2025; 31(3): 280.     CrossRef
• Effects of Organizational Cynicism and Socialization on Nurses’ Job Burnout: A Career‐Stage‐Based Analysis
  Hee Jin Kim, Hae Jeong An, Soo-hyun Nam, Jungmin Lee, Maria Engström
  Journal of Nursing Management.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Determinants of Standard Precautions Performance Among Nursing Students in South Korea: A Cross-Sectional Study
  Se Gyeong Jeon, Eun Jung Kim
  Healthcare.2025; 13(21): 2803.     CrossRef
• The Effect of Work Value, Psychological Ownership and Nursing Working Environment on Intention of Retention in Hospital Nurses
  Ji Hey Kim, Yoon Ju Cho, So Eun Jang
  Journal of Korean Critical Care Nursing.2023; 16(3): 62.     CrossRef
• Effects of Nursing Competence on Job Satisfaction across Career Stages
  Eun Young Oh, Mi Won Kim, Heon Ju Yoo, Seung Hee Choi, Sa Rang Lee, Chung Sook Kim
  Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration.2023; 29(3): 258.     CrossRef
• Workplace bullying among Korean registered nurses: A meta-aggregation of qualitative studies
  Eun-Jun Park, Hyunwook Kang, Ji Woon Ko
  The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education.2023; 29(4): 450.     CrossRef

Purpose
This study aimed to not only examine the changes in working hours and labor intensity, but also investigate their effects on sleep difficulties of shift work nurses.
Methods
Data from the 3rd (2011) to the 6th (2020) Korean Working Condition Surveys were analyzed, and the final sample included data of 514 nurses. Working time was measured considering nurses’ weekly working hours, number of night shifts, and number of days in a month when they worked more than 10 hours a day. Labor intensity included labor density, emotional labor, and work interruption. Sleep difficulty was measured using three items in 5th and 6th surveys.
Results
Weekly working hours, and long working days tended to decrease with the flow of the year, while work density, emotional labor, and work interruption tended to increase. Number of long working days, work density, and work interruption were found to produce a sleep difficulty effect in nurses.
Conclusion
To avoid sleep difficulties in nurses, adequate nurse staffing is required to prevent long working hours, and work density and work interruption need to be considered when determining the nurses’ workload.

Citations

• Effects of Work Demands and Rewards of Nurses on Exhaustion and Sleep Disturbance: Focusing on Comparison With Other Shift Workers
  Kyung Jin Hong
  Nursing Open.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Impact of nurses’ health beliefs about caring for older adults on their own preparation for old age
  Se Jin Hwang, Minkyung Gu, Saekyae Shin, Sohyune Sok
  Frontiers in Public Health.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Dysmenorrhea and Occupational Factors
  Heeja Jung, Hyunju Dan, Chiyoung Cha, Yanghee Pang, Juan Manuel Carmona-Torres
  Journal of Nursing Management.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef

Purpose
This study explored the lived experiences of physician assistants (PAs) in Korea during the 2024 medical workforce shortage, focusing on how they perceived and adapted to their rapidly changing roles. The study investigated both the challenges PAs faced and the professional growth they experienced throughout the adaptation process. Methods: A phenomenological qualitative design was applied using Colaizzi’s method. In-depth interviews were conducted with 15 PAs at a tertiary hospital in Seoul between September 25, 2024 and February 1, 2025. Data were analyzed thematically. Results: Four major theme clusters emerged: changes in work environment and quality of life, role conflict and ambiguity in professional identity, dual aspects of role expansion including autonomy and burnout, and coping strategies and structural policy demands. Participants reported physical and emotional strain, but also described greater involvement in care decisions, improved patient relationships, and a stronger sense of professional identity. Conclusion: Amid the medical staffing crisis, PAs adapted to their expanded responsibilities and became key healthcare providers. While facing substantial burdens, they simultaneously experienced personal and professional growth. Institutional and legal support is essential to stabilize their roles and improve long-term healthcare outcomes.

Purpose
This study aimed to identify the factors influencing job satisfaction among nurses working in integrated nursing care wards.
Methods
The study participants were 196 nurses working in integrated nursing care wards at four general hospitals and one tertiary hospital. Data were collected using structured questionnaires from April 11 to 25, 2022, through an online survey. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson correlation, and stepwise multiple regression with SPSS/WIN 26.0.
Results
The factors influencing job satisfaction of participants were team structure (β=.32, p<.001), role conflict regarding nursing practice (β=-.24, p<.001), mutual support (β=.23, p<.001), master's degree or higher(β=.16, p=.004), and spousal presence (β=.15, p=.005).
Conclusion
The findings of this study suggest that the tasks and roles of team members should be clarified, and a supportive team culture of mutual cooperation should be fostered to improve the job satisfaction of nurses working in the integrated nursing ward. In addition, it is necessary to reduce role conflict by providing support focused on allocating tasks that can strengthen the role of professional nurses.

Citations

• Effects of Shared Leadership and Communication Competence on Nursing Team Effectiveness in Comprehensive Nursing Service Units: Focusing on the Team Nursing System
  Hye Jin Kim, Eunjoo Lee
  Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration.2025; 31(2): 143.     CrossRef
• Influence of Job Delegation Preparedness, Individual and Organizational Communication Skills on Job Stress of Nurses in Comprehensive Nursing Care Service Wards
  Soo Jin Lee, Ji Won Kim, Nam Hee Park
  Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing.2025; 39(1): 5.     CrossRef
• Impact of Grit, Teamwork, Organizational Communication Competence, Perception of Patient Safety Culture on Patient Safety Nursing Activities in Integrated Nursing Care Units
  Jeeseon Kim, Haejung Lee
  Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration.2025; 31(3): 237.     CrossRef
• Factors Influencing Burnout of Nurses in Comprehensive Nursing Care Service Wards: Focusing on Positive Psychological Capital, Role Conflict, and Authentic Leadership
  Jung Wha Park, Kyoung Ja Kim, Ji Young Im, Ji Young Kim
  Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration.2025; 31(4): 345.     CrossRef

Purpose
This study’s purpose is to examine the effects of nurses' incident reporting attitudes, their perceptions of importance of patient safety management, and patient safety culture on reporting patient safety events.
Methods
We used a cross-sectional design with a convenience sample of 192 nurses with more than three months clinical experience from five provincial hospitals. The data were collected through an online structured self-report questionnaire from September 25 to October 15, 2022. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficients, and stepwise multiple regression.
Results
The most important influencing factors for the level of patient safety event reporting were perceptions of the importance of patient safety management (β=.24, p=.005), followed by patient safety culture (β=.23, p=.019), incident reporting attitude (β=.18, p=.016), and near miss reporting experience (β=.14, p=.022). The explanatory power of the model was 33%.
Conclusion
To increase the level of patient safety incident reporting, differentiated education and standardized work procedures are needed. Also, it is necessary to prepare policies that revitalize patient safety reporting systems at medical institutions as measures to prevent patient safety accidents and recurrences.

Citations

• Patient safety management activities and perceived workload of shift‐work nurses, moderated by the perceived importance of patient safety management
  Kyung Jin Hong
  International Nursing Review.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Predictors of Nurses' Reporting Level by the Types of Patient Safety Incidents
  Ju-Hee Kang, Yeojin Yi
  Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration.2025; 31(4): 434.     CrossRef
• Relationship between nurses’ critical thinking disposition and patient safety incident reporting: The mediating role of patient safety culture in a comprehensive nursing service ward
  Nam-Yi Kim, Sung-Jung Kwak, Ayman Mohamed El-Ashry
  PLOS ONE.2024; 19(12): e0315679.     CrossRef
• Impacts of Just Culture on Perioperative Nurses' Attitudes and Behaviors With Regard to Patient Safety Incident Reporting: Cross-Sectional Nationwide Survey
  Nara Han, Seok Hee Jeong, Myung Ha Lee, Hee Sun Kim
  Asian Nursing Research.2024; 18(4): 323.     CrossRef
• Associations of perceptions of patient safety culture, job crafting, and perceptions of patient rounding with patient safety management activities among tertiary hospital nurses
  Saet-Byeol Kim, Yun-Hee Kim
  Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science.2024; 26(3): 259.     CrossRef

Purpose
To examine the characteristics, core variables, and their correlations in articles published in the Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration (JKANA) from 2012-2021 and suggest future directions for nursing management research.
Methods
A total of 506 articles were analyzed according to study design, participants and setting, statistical methods, keywords, and core concepts and variables.
Results
Quantitative research accounted for 73.5%, and most participants were staff nurses (66.8%) and nursing students (9.1%). Furthermore, 318 studies (62.8%) conducted surveys, and settings were mainly acute hospitals(81.5%) and nursing schools (9.7%). Statistical methods for data analysis included independent t-test (81.2%), one-way ANOVA (77.2%), Pearson correlation coefficients (77.2%), post-hoc testing (74.3%), and linear regression(65.9%). Among 2,058 keywords, the most frequent were “nurses” (49.2%), “job satisfaction” (10.7%), and “personnel turnover” (9.1%). The most frequently core concepts were job satisfaction (10.5%), turnover intention(9.5%), organizational commitment (8.5%), and job stress (7.5%). The most frequently variables with significant correlations were turnover intention, work environment, job satisfaction, job stress, burnout, and emotional labor.
Conclusion
Most JKANA studies examined nursing-related outcomes and performance. Future research should examine the effects of nursing practice and policy on patient outcomes.

Purpose
This study aimed to investigate the relationship between socio-cognitive mindfulness, job stress, social support, and turnover intention among general hospital nurses and identify the factors influencing nurses’ turnover intention.
Methods
A descriptive survey was conducted among 218 nurses from five general hospitals located in G metropolitan city. The participants completed a questionnaire measuring the study variables, and the data were analyzed using t-tests, ANOVA, Pearson’s correlation coefficient, and hierarchical multiple regression analysis in SPSS/WIN 28.0.
Results
Significant differences were found in turnover intention by gender (t=-2.12, p=.036), family type (t=-3.09, p=.002), work department (F=7.01, p<.001), and work type (t=2.55, p=.011). Socio-cognitive mindfulness was positively related to social support (r=.331, p<.001), and turnover intention was positively related to job stress (r=.347, p<.001). The factors influencing nurses’ turnover intention included job stress (β=.317, p<.001), work department (artificial kidney room: β=-.287, p=.004; emergency room: β=-.219, p=.015), social support (β=-.183, p=.005), and work type (shift work: β=.170, p=.036), respectively. These factors explained 23.4% of the variance.
Conclusion
The findings indicate the need to develop programs to effectively cope with job stress and implement mentoring systems or psychological support programs to reduce turnover intention among nurses at the organizational level.

Purpose
This study employs Giorgi's descriptive phenomenological approach to explore the experiences of retired military nurse officers transitioning to civilian hospitals and to identify the essential meanings and underlying structures of this transition.
Methods
Eleven participants with over two years of military hospital experience, now employed in civilian hospitals, were recruited via snowball sampling. Data were collected through in-depth interviews conducted between December 2023 and March 2024.
Results
Analysis using Giorgi’s four-stage method identified 257 meaning units, 37 central meanings, 12 themes, and six general structures: 1) Positive perceptions of the nursing profession, 2) Confusion due to lack of information, 3) Difficulty in adapting due to differences between military and civilian hospitals, 4) Self-blame for a lack of competence, 5) Struggles in finding a position suitable for one’s career, and 6) Satisfaction with freedom and a stable life.
Conclusion
These findings emphasize the need for tailored transition programs, including job placement support, skill development, and cultural adaptation training. Socialization and communication programs can further aid integration and contribute to the professional growth. Additionally, a positive perception of nursing significantly influenced the decision to return to the workforce, highlighting the importance of fostering professional identity and confidence among transitioning military nurses.

Purpose
This study aimed to identify the impact of clinical nurses’ grit and nursing work environment on job enthusiasm and provide basic data for system improvement to maintain and secure nursing personnel. Methods: Data were collected online from July to August 2022 targeting 210 clinical nurses at three general hospitals located in Jeollabuk-do. Data analysis was performed using the IBM SPSS 26.0 program. Results: Job enthusiasm exhibited statistically significant differences according to age (F=5.20, p=.006) and presence of children (F=0.95, p<.001). Furthermore, job enthusiasm showed statistically significant positive correlations with grit (r=.64, p<.001) and the nursing work environment (r=.49, p<.001). The following factors were found to affect job enthusiasm: having children (β=.26, p<.001), grit (β=.46, p<.001), nursing work environment (β=.33, p<.001), and age over 40 (β=.16, p<.001). Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, it is recommended that an internal motivation strengthening program that promotes grit should be developed and applied to increase work enthusiasm among clinical nurses. Additionally, hospital organizations should prepare various policies to improve the nursing work environment.

Purpose
This study aimed to explore the effects of presenteeism, burnout, and nursing performance on intention to retention among nurses of an intensive care unit in one tertiary hospital.
Method
The data were collected from from July 1 to July 31, 2023, from 172 nurses at intensive care units. Data were analyzed using the SPSS/WIN 26.0 program.
Results
A four-step hierarchical regression model, including control variables, presenteeism, burnout, and nursing performance, accounted for 44.9% of the factors influencing intention to retention. Burnout (β=-.54, p<.001), nursing performance (β=.21, p=.002), health problem (β=-.07, p=.040), and experience of turnover (β=-.16, p=.008) were identified as the significant predictor of intention to retention. Model III, which adds burnout, has a significant 23.5%p increase in explanatory power over Model II, indicating that burnout has the strongest impact on intention to retention.
Conclusion
For enhancing the intention to retention of the intensive care nurses, it is necessary to provide a systematic strategy and support to increase the performance of nurses and to try to reduce the burnout and health problems of nurses.

Purpose
This study examined the variations in nursing competence and job satisfaction across different career stages. Additionally, it explored the effect of nursing competence on job satisfaction within each career stages.
Methods
Participants were 468 nurses working at a university hospital in B city. Data collection was conducted using self-report questionnaires from April 1 to 15, 2020. The data were analyzed descriptive statistics, one-way ANOVA, Scheffé test, and multiple regression analysis employing SPSS 23.0.
Results
General nursing competence improved significantly after the proficiency stage. Care execution and critical thinking were improved as nurses progressed from the novice to the advanced beginner stage. Additionally, communication showed progress in the competent stage. Furthermore, responsibility and self-development were improved after the proficiency stage. Among the sub-competencies examined, self-development, care execution, and communication significantly influenced the job satisfaction of a nurse’s career. Moreover, self-development was influential at all stages.
Conclusion
This study shows that there was no substantial improvement in nursing competencies as they progressed through various career stages. Self-development was the most crucial sub-competence impacting job satisfaction, with the effects of the sub-competencies varying across career stages. These results will aid in planning clinical continuing education and formulating policies to enhance nurse competency.

Citations

• Shift nurses’ work quality and job satisfaction after implementing the Inha University hospital nursing AI scheduling system (IH-NASS)
  Hye Won Kang, Jiyoung Kim, Kyoung Ja Kim, Eun Kyoung Bae, Heesuk Kang, Jeong Hee Jang, Whasuk Choe
  BMC Nursing.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
• The Effectiveness of 360-Degree Virtual Reality-Based Mechanical Ventilation Nursing Education for ICU Nurses
  Doo Ree Kim, Jaeyong Yoo
  Healthcare.2025; 13(14): 1639.     CrossRef
• The Influences of Teamwork and Grit on Job Adaptation and Intention to Remain among Advanced Beginner Nurses
  Seon Kyeong Jeong, Kyoung Ja Kim, Eun Ji Choi
  Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration.2024; 30(4): 379.     CrossRef

Purpose
This study explores how nursing professionalism impacts the quality of pediatric nursing care. Specifically, we examine the mediating effects of clinical decision making and pediatric nurse-parent partnership among pediatric nurses.
Methods
The study involved 133 nurses working in pediatric wards within regions S, C, and D. Data were collected during August 2022 and analyzed using SPSS/WINdows software version 26.0 and PROCESS macro for SPSS version 4.2.
Results
The double mediating effect of clinical decision making and the pediatric nurse-parent on the relationship between nursing professionalism and the quality of pediatric nursing care was statistically significant.
Conclusion
Improving nursing professionalism, enhancing clinical decision making, and strengthening the pediatric nurse-parent partnership are valuable strategies for enhancing the quality of pediatric nursing care among such nurses.

Citations

• Examining the relationship between nurses’ professional self-efficacy and parents’ perception of family-centered care
  Sana Khalilzadeh Zia, Masoumeh Aghamohammadi, Shohreh Moshfeghi, Nazila Vosoghi
  BMC Nursing.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Medication safety in paediatric nursing: A call for deeper insight beyond self-reports - A response to
  Diana Rosa Albuquerque, Paulo Santos-Costa, Márcia Pestana-Santos
  Journal of Pediatric Nursing.2025; 85: 257.     CrossRef

Purpose
This study aimed to identify factors influencing communication competence among hospital nurses. Methods: The participants were 136 nurses working at five general or tertiary hospitals with over 100 beds in Busan, Ulsan, and Geoje Island. Data were collected using structured self-report online questionnaires from July 18 to August 31, 2023. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, the t-test, one-way analysis of variance, the Scheffé test, Pearson's correlation coefficients, and stepwise regression analysis using IBM SPSS version 25.0. Results: Self-awareness (β=.43, p<.001), a relationship-oriented organizational culture (β=.34, p<.001), working in a surgical ward (β=.19, p=.003), communication efficacy (β=.17, p=.011), hierarchy-oriented organizational culture (β=.16, p=.011), and working in a special unit (β=-.14, p=.023) were factors that significantly influenced nurses' communication competence. The model explained 52% of the variance in communication competence (F=28.43, p<.001) Conclusion: To improve communication competence in hospital nurses, healthcare institutions should provide learning opportunities to improve nurses’ self-awareness and communication efficacy. It is also essential to establish rules and order within a hierarchy-oriented organizational culture, while simultaneously promoting a relationship-oriented organizational culture based on trust and respect among colleagues.

Purpose
This study examines the current status of a second-degree Bachelor of Science in Nursing (BSN) program in South Korea, identifies its advantages and limitations, and provides future directions for improving the program.
Methods
A mixed-methods, sequential explanatory design was employed. A cross-sectional survey (n=28 faculty members, 122 enrolled students, 20 graduates) was conducted, followed by focus group interviews (n=six faculty members, 13 enrolled students, six graduates).
Results
Among the 28 nursing colleges, 19 had a second-degree BSN program enrollment capacity of less than 10% of their total student capacity, whereas six colleges had a capacity ranging from 20% to 30%. The advantages of the program included producing nurses with diverse backgrounds, demonstrating a strong aspiration for the nursing profession, diligent attitude, and mature interpersonal skills among the second-degree BSN students. The limitations included inadequate support and resources for program operations, difficulties in ensuring the quality of classes and clinical practice, and limited opportunities for interaction with other students.
Conclusion
This study highlights the importance of establishing clear policies and guidelines for such programs and developing standardized curricula to ensure high-quality nursing education while accommodating an increasing number of students.

Purpose
This study aims to identify the moderating effect of nursing organizational culture on the relationship between resilience and clinical competence among new graduate nurses.
Methods
A survey was conducted from March 14 to July 14, 2023, targeting 210 new nurses with 3 to 12 months of experience, working in three general hospitals in Seoul and Gyeonggi-do. Data from 193 respondents were analyzed using descriptive statistics, correlation, and hierarchical regression.
Results
The resilience of new graduate nurses was moderate and their clinical competence was rated as good. They perceived a strong hierarchy-oriented culture, followed by a relationship-oriented culture, an innovation-oriented culture, and lastly, a task-oriented culture. Clinical competence was higher with greater resilience (β=.40, p<.001) and stronger perception of hierarchy-oriented culture (β=.16, p=.013). The interaction between resilience and innovation-oriented culture (β=.22, p=.012) was statistically significant, indicating that the effect of resilience on clinical competence was significantly higher when the innovation-oriented culture was strongly perceived.
Conclusion
To improve the clinical competence of new graduate nurses, it is essential to enhance their personal resilience and, at an organizational level, to strengthen the positive aspects of hierarchy-oriented and innovation-oriented cultures.

Citations

• Resilience and Social Support Protect Nurses from Anxiety and Depressive Symptoms: Evidence from a Cross-Sectional Study in the Post-COVID-19 Era
  Aglaia Katsiroumpa, Ioannis Moisoglou, Ioanna V. Papathanasiou, Maria Malliarou, Pavlos Sarafis, Parisis Gallos, Olympia Konstantakopoulou, Fotios Rizos, Petros Galanis
  Healthcare.2025; 13(6): 582.     CrossRef

Purpose
This study examined factors influencing patient safety nursing activities in integrated nursing care units. Methods: A survey was conducted with 134 nurses from hospitals (100~300 beds) in Busan using self-administered questionnaires (August 17–September 15, 2024). Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation, and multiple regression analysis. Results: The mean score for patient safety nursing activities was 4.31±0.55. Positive correlations were found with grit, teamwork, communication, and patient safety culture awareness. The predictor variables explained 46.0% of the variance in patient safety nursing activities. Significant factors included communication (β=.31, p=.032) and leadership (β=.29, p=.035) within teamwork, incident reporting frequency (β=.24, p<.001) within patient safety culture awareness, and experience in patient safety education (β=.17, p=.018). Conclusion: The findings of this study highlight the importance of enhancing teamwork, particularly in leadership and communication, and creating a safety culture that promotes incident reporting and education to strengthen patient safety nursing practices. Improving patient safety training, developing systematic evaluation and feedback mechanisms, and establishing structured support systems through campaigns and workshops will boost staff involvement and elevate the quality of patient safety practices.

Purpose
The study was to develop a Clinical Nurses' Job Crafting Scale (CN-JCS) and examines its validity and reliability. Methods: Data were collected from 423 clinical nurses working in general hospitals. The CN-JCS was developed according to DeVellis’s step sclae development guidelines. The CN-JCS was assessed for content validity, construct validity, item convergence/discrimination, convergent validity, and internal consistency. Results: In the exploratory factor analysis, five factors and 20 items were selected. Construct validity was examined using confirmatory factor analysis, and the model fit was good. The Conceptual reliability was greater than .70 and average variance extracted value was greater than .50, indicating discriminant validity. Convergent validity was confirmed through correlations between the CN-JCS, psychological empowerment and work engagement. The scale’s reliability was established with a Cronbach's alpha of .90. The CN-JCS employs a 5-point Likert scale across 20 questions, gauging aspects such as giving meaning to work, changing the structure of work, exploring and communicating, pursuing relationship change, and positive attitude toward change. Conclusion: The CN-JCS can be used to accurately assess the job craft of clinical nurses, and the measured level can be used as baseline data to improve awareness and education of nurses’ job craft.

Purpose
This study aimed to confirm the mediating effects of transition shock on the relationships among grit, social support, and retention intention of new graduate nurses.
Methods
A total of 174 new graduate nurses were recruited from a university hospital and a general hospital. The data were collected between November and December 2022 and analyzed using descriptive statistics, independent t-test, one-way analysis of variance, Scheffé test, Pearson’s correlation coefficient, Baron and Kenny’s three-step regression analysis, and the PROCESS Macro Model 4.
Results
Nurses’ retention intention was positively correlated with grit (r=.56, p<.001) and social support (r=.48, p<.001) and negatively correlated with transition shock (r=-.56, p<.001). The mediating analysis revealed that transition shock mediated the relationship between grit and retention intention as well as between social support and retention intention.
Conclusion
Based on the findings, an intervention program should be developed to reduce transition shock in new graduate nurses to increase their intention of retention.

Purpose
This study investigated the effects of nursing unit managers' authentic, transformational, and transactional leadership styles on positive psychological capital and turnover intention in advanced beginner-stage nurses (ABNs).
Methods
The study included 157 nurses with clinical experience ranging form more than one year to less than 3 years in three general hospitals. Data analysis was conducted using the SPSS/WINdows software version 26.0.
Results
Authentic, transformational, and transactional leadership styles of nursing unit managers increased the positive psychological capital of ABNs, thereby lowering their turnover intention. Additionally, the turnover intention of ABNs was negatively correlated with the authentic, transformational, and transactional leadership styles of a nursing unit manager and positive psychological capital. Positive psychological capital showed a mediating effect in the relationship between authentic, transformational, and transactional leadership styles of nursing unit manager and turnover intention of ABNs.
Conclusion
To reduce ABNs turnover, medical institutions and nursing organizations should focus on enhancing nursing unit managers’ transformational and authentic leadership styles. Moreover, as transactional leadership has been found to decrease the turnover intention among ABNs, nursing unit managers should carefully consider their responsibilities and resources allocation to provide conditional compensation support to nurses.

Purpose
The study aim was to examine Korean TV documentaries featuring nurses and to understand how the image of nurses has changed over time. Methods: Forty-one Korean documentaries featuring nurses were selected. The qualitative content analysis method of Elo and Kyngäs (2008) was used to identify the images of nurses. Results: Three themes emerged: “emphasis on the image of being a doctor’s assistant and caring person,” “image of kindness prevailing among the diverse roles of nurses,” and “reports on the poor labor conditions behind the positive images of nurses.” The image of nurses has gradually changed from performing a passive and auxiliary role to functioning as health care professionals. Amid the COVID-19 pandemic, documentaries suggested that the poor labor conditions of nurses should be improved. Conclusion: Active publicity of nurses and nursing communities is needed using documentaries as a resource to inform the public of the various roles of nurses and promote the image of nurses as professionals.

Citations

• Voice of Customer Analysis of Nursing Care in a Tertiary Hospital: Text Network Analysis and Topic Modeling
  Hyunjung Ko, Nara Han, Seulki Jeong, Jeong A Jeong, Hye Ryoung Yun, Eun Sil Kim, Young Jun Jang, Eun Ju Choi, Chun Hoe Lim, Min Hee Jung, Jung Hee Kim, Dong Hyu Cho, Seok Hee Jeong
  Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration.2024; 30(5): 529.     CrossRef
• Nurses' media competency: A concept analysis
  Eunjin Kim, Gumhee Baek, Hyekyung Jo, Jueun Kim, Aram Cho, Mijin Byun
  Nurse Education Today.2024; 139: 106232.     CrossRef

Purpose
The aim was to develop guidelines for delegating nursing tasks among nurses in integrated nursing care wards.
Methods
This was a methodological approach. Literature reviews were conducted on delegation policies and practices for nurses in Korea and other countries to explore the area of nursing delegation. Focus group interviews were performed with nurses to identify the strength and weakness of the delegation of nursing tasks in clinical practice, and qualitative content analysis was conducted based on the interview. Ten areas and 115 items were derived through these steps, and their validity was confirmed using the Delphi technique.
Results
The delegation guidelines of nursing tasks consisted of nine domains, 21 sub-categories, and 101 items, including Nurses and nursing assistants' duties, the necessity of delegation, definition of terms, scope of delegation, considerations for delegation, procedure, characteristics, and principles of delegation, and educational content for delegation.
Conclusion
These guidelines can help nurses to make decisions about delegating nursing tasks according to the delegation procedure. Education on the delegation of nursing tasks is necessary for both nurses and nursing assistants. The guidelines developed in this study can serve as a standard for delegating nursing tasks to ensure patient safety.

Citations

• Effects of a mobile simulation program for nursing delegation: A randomised controlled trial
  Haena Lim, Yeojin Yi
  Nurse Education in Practice.2025; 83: 104283.     CrossRef
• Effects of Shared Leadership and Communication Competence on Nursing Team Effectiveness in Comprehensive Nursing Service Units: Focusing on the Team Nursing System
  Hye Jin Kim, Eunjoo Lee
  Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration.2025; 31(2): 143.     CrossRef

Purpose
This study examined the effect of missed nursing care on nursing sensitive indicators.
Methods
A nationwide cross-sectional survey was conducted using structured questionnaires. Data of 174 clinical nurses employed in general or tertiary hospitals were collected through proportional quota sampling; the quota used was the location of a working hospital in South Korea. Data were collected through an online survey and snowball sampling from July 16 to July 20, 2022. The collected data were analyzed using IBM SPSS 26.0.
Results
Missed nursing care had statistically significant negative correlations with patient safety management activity and job satisfaction, and significant positive correlation with turnover intention. Significant correlation was not found between missed nursing care and adverse event experiences. Hierarchical multiple regression analysis revealed that missed nursing care explained an additional 21%p of patient safety management activity, 14%p of job satisfaction, and 3%p of turnover intention. Thus, missed nursing care was found to be a statistically significant predictor of patient safety management activity, job satisfaction, and turnover intention.
Conclusion
Missed nursing care significantly affects nursing sensitive indicators. To improve positive outcomes and decrease negative outcomes, nurses and nursing managers must make efforts to minimize missed nursing care.

Citations

• Effect of Nursing Professionalism on Turnover Intention among Nurses: The Mediating Effect of Job Embeddedness
  Ja In Kim, Seok Hee Jeong, Hyoung Eun Chang, Sunmi Kim
  Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration.2025; 31(4): 446.     CrossRef
• Effects of presenteeism on turnover intention in clinical nurses through the serial mediating roles of missed nursing care and job satisfaction: a cross-sectional predictive correlational study
  Hyeonseon Cheon, Seok Hee Jeong, Hyun Kyung Kim, Hyoung Eun Chang
  Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2025; 55(4): 584.     CrossRef
• Role of Hi-Tech Call Center Employees’ ESG Activity Recognition in Increasing Corporate Performance via Organizational Identification and Job Satisfaction
  So Ra Park
  Journal of Digital Contents Society.2024; 25(2): 503.     CrossRef
• Impact of Emotional Labor and Positive Psychological Capital on the Turnover Intention of Nurses Caring for Patients with COVID-19: A Descriptive Survey Study
  Mira Kwon, Yeoungsuk Song, Majd T. Mrayyan
  Journal of Nursing Management.2024; 2024: 1.     CrossRef

Purpose
This study aimed to develop a discharge nursing service model (DNSM), including one that accounts for the role of discharge nurses and the discharge nursing process for heart failure patients (HFP) with a high readmission rate, and to verify its clinical feasibility.
Methods
As a methodological study, DNSM was established through a literature review and benchmarking, and the clinical feasibility of the expert group was confirmed through the Delphi technique.
Results
Through a literature review and the benchmarking, the DNSM for HFP was formulated. The nine core competencies are professional nursing practice, education, counseling, advice, ethical decision-making, research, collaboration, evidence-based practice, and leadership. In addition, fifteen criteria and 42 indicators were added as detailed items. The discharge process comprised five stages and 25 processes identified by analyzing and integrating the content of discharge nursing intervention required for HFP by period-from hospitalization to 30 days after discharge. Content validity was verified by the twofold application of the Delphi technique, and the average CVI was over 0.92.
Conclusion
In terms of quality management, developing an efficient system or service is necessary to prevent readmission, and developed DNSM should be continuously revisioned and reinforced through follow-up studies.

Purpose
This qualitative study aimed to identify the detailed job roles of physician assistants working in surgical departments of tertiary hospitals in Korea.
Methods
Data were collected via individual in-depth interviews and analyzed using a content analysis method. Participants were 19 physician assistants (PAs), each of whom had been working for more than one year in tertiary hospitals.
Results
Overall, 348 codes were extracted and clustered into 75 subcategories (job roles). Thereafter, 75 subcategories were classified into three categories (nursing roles, medical residents’ roles, and physicians’ roles). Among 75 PA job roles, 1 (1.3%) was a nursing role, 7 (9.3%) were nursing or medical residents’ roles, and 67 (89.4%) were physicians’ roles. Physicians’ roles were mostly surgery-associated functions performed in a variety of settings in numerous different ways.
Conclusion
Establishing educational systems, qualification standards, and payment systems for the PAs and legalizing their professional status are necessary.

Citations

• Effects of Role Conflict, Work Environment, and Meaning of Work on Job Embeddedness among Physician Assistants
  Kwang Hoon Seo, Tae Yeong Yang, Nam Gyu Park, Jung Eun Park
  Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration.2025; 31(3): 249.     CrossRef
• Role Transformation and Adaptation of Physician Assistants during the 2024 Medical Workforce Shortage: A Phenomenological Study
  Tae Yeong Yang, Nahyun Lee
  Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration.2025; 31(3): 259.     CrossRef
• A study on the job performance, importance, and educational needs of clinical practice nurses in tertiary hospitals
  Hyemi Lee, Youngmee Ahn, Min Sohn, Minhee Suh
  The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education.2025; 31(3): 315.     CrossRef
• Role Conflict of Physician Assistants with Nursing Licenses in Korea
  Byeongkwan Kim, Wonhee Jung
  Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration.2024; 30(2): 141.     CrossRef