Purpose This study aimed to examine the moderating effect of calling on the relationship between post-traumatic stress and turnover intention among nurses caring for COVID-19 patients. Methods Data were collected from 151 nurses caring for COVID-19 patients at three university hospitals located in D City. Participants completed selfreported online surveys on post-traumatic stress (IES-R-K), calling (CVQ-R), and turnover intention. Descriptive statistics, t-tests, one-way ANOVA, Scheffé test, Pearson's correlation coefficients, and hierarchical multiple regression were performed using SPSS 25.0. Results The mean scores of post-traumatic stress, calling, and turnover intention were 0.83±0.70, 1.51±0.71, and 2.89±1.10, respectively. Post-traumatic stress had positive correlations with calling (r=.20, p=.011) and turnover intention (r=.29, p=.001), whereas calling had a negative correlation with calling and turnover intention (r=-.17, p=.029). Calling had a moderating effect in the relationship between post-traumatic stress and turnover intention (β=-.16, p=.032). Conclusion Calling has a moderating effect on the relationship between post-traumatic stress and turnover intention. Therefore, developing and implementing a program is necessary to strengthen nurses' perceptions of calling to prevent nurses with post-traumatic stress from leaving their jobs.
PURPOSE This study was done to identify relationships among post-traumatic stress (PTS), job stress and turnover intention in emergency department (ED) nurses. METHODS Participants were 250 ED nurses who had worked for one month or longer in the ED one of three university hospitals or seven general hospitals in Daegu City or Gyeong Buk Province in Korea. Structured questionnaires were used to measure PTS, job stress, and turnover intention of participants. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, one-way ANOVA, path analysis, and stepwise multiple regression with the SPSS program. RESULTS There were significant relationships between PTS, job stress and turnover intention. PTS influenced turnover intention directly and was indirectly mediated by job stress. The experience of traumatic events influenced PTS, job stress, and turnover intention. Indirect experience of traumatic events in the ED was an important predictor, explaining 20.1% of PTS in high-risk post-traumatic participants. CONCLUSION PTS can be an important factor for job stress and turnover intention. The direct and indirect experience of traumatic events can influence PTS, job stress, and turnover intention in ED nurses. Based on these results, strategies for managing PTS and relating job stress are recommended to reduce turnover intention in ED nurses.
Citations
Citations to this article as recorded by
The Moderating Effect of Calling in the Relationship between Post-Traumatic Stress and Turnover Intention of Nurses Who Cared for COVID-19 Patients Min Ju Woo, Bu Kyung Park Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration.2025; 31(1): 75. CrossRef
Factors Related to Post-traumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms Among Intensive Care Unit Nurses SuHee Kim, YeoJin Im Asian Nursing Research.2024; 18(2): 159. CrossRef
Factors Influencing Depression Among Nurses in General Hospitals During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Focus on Job Demands, Post-traumatic Stress, and Social and Organizational Support Si Hyun Baek, Jeong-Hee Kim Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration.2024; 30(3): 306. CrossRef
Work outcomes in public safety personnel after potentially traumatic events: A systematic review Shannon L. Wagner, Nicole White, Marc White, Trina Fyfe, Lynda R. Matthews, Christine Randall, Cheryl Regehr, Lynn E. Alden, Nicholas Buys, Mary G. Carey, Wayne Corneil, Elyssa Krutop, Alex Fraess‐Phillips American Journal of Industrial Medicine.2024; 67(5): 387. CrossRef
‘They all stay with me’—An interpretive phenomenological analysis on nurses’ experiences resuscitating children in community hospital emergency departments Jamie Anne Bentz, Brandi Vanderspank‐Wright, Michelle Lalonde, Jane Tyerman Journal of Clinical Nursing.2023; 32(5-6): 701. CrossRef
Experiences of traumatic events, knowledge and attitudes concerning post-traumatic stress disorder, and resilience among nurses and paramedics working in emergency department Sun-Woo Hong, Kyung-Sook Bang, Hwal Lan Bang, Hye Jin Hyun, Miyoung Lee, Yu Na Jung The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education.2023; 29(1): 86. CrossRef
The Moderating Role of Perceived Social Support in the Relation between Type D Personality and PTSD Symptoms among ICU and ER Nurses Sohyeon Kim, Myung-Ho Hyun STRESS.2023; 31(4): 197. CrossRef
Effects of job embeddedness and nursing working environment on turnover intention among trauma centre nurses: A cross‐sectional study Hye Ju Lee, Soo‐Kyoung Lee Journal of Nursing Management.2022; 30(7): 2915. CrossRef
Relationship among Post-traumatic Stress Disorder, Resilience, and Retention Intention in Nurses who had Perceived Traumatic Events Jin Young Lee, Ja Yun Choi Korean Journal of Adult Nursing.2022; 34(4): 403. CrossRef
Development and Preliminary Evaluation of the Effects of a Preceptor Reflective Practice Program: A Mixed-Method Research Heui-Seon Kim, Hye-Won Jeong, Deok Ju, Jung-A Lee, Shin-Hye Ahn International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2022; 19(21): 13755. CrossRef
The Influence of Traumatic Events on Turnover Intention among Nurses Working in Intensive Care Units: The Moderating Effect of Emotional Intelligence Hyunmi Kim, Jiyoung Park Journal of Korean Critical Care Nursing.2021; 14(2): 70. CrossRef
The Relationship between Calling and Posttraumatic Growth of the
Air Force Pilot A Ram Lee, Young Woo Sohn, Jeong Hoon Seol Journal of the Korean Society for Aviation and
Aeronautics.2021; 29(3): 1. CrossRef
A Study on the Effectiveness of Post-traumatic Stress Disorder Intervention Program for Firefighters by Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Min-Ju Kang, Young-Hwa Kim, Sang-Goo Lee, Seung-Woo Han Journal of Health Informatics and Statistics.2021; 46(3): 326. CrossRef
Association of Nursing Work Environment, Relationship with the Head Nurse, and Resilience with Post-Traumatic Growth in Emergency Department Nurses Sun-Young Jung, Jin-Hwa Park International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2021; 18(6): 2857. CrossRef
Traumatic Events and Factors Affecting Post-traumatic Growth of Nurses in General Hospitals Haesook Kim, Eunsook Kim, Younghee Yu Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration.2020; 26(3): 218. CrossRef
Factors Affecting Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in South Korean Trauma Nurses Su Ji Kim, Jung Hee Yeo Journal of Trauma Nursing.2020; 27(1): 50. CrossRef
Assessing the Presence of Post-Traumatic Stress and Turnover Intention Among Nurses Post–Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Outbreak: The Importance of Supervisor Support Heeja Jung, Sun Young Jung, Mi Hyang Lee, Mi Sun Kim Workplace Health & Safety.2020; 68(7): 337. CrossRef
The Impact of Organizational Commitment and Positive Psychological Capital on Job Embeddedness of Nurses in Trauma Centers Eun Ji Choi, Eun Nam Lee, Moon Ja Kim Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration.2019; 25(4): 292. CrossRef
Disaster Experience, Perception and Perceived Stress of Nursing Students Young Ran Lee, Suk Jung Han, Chung Min Cho Korean Journal of Stress Research.2016; 24(4): 237. CrossRef
A Study of Convergence Relationship among Nurse's Working Conditions, Posttraumatic Stress Syndrome Su Mi Oh, Young-Chae Kwon Journal of Digital Convergence.2016; 14(9): 369. CrossRef
Influencing Factors on Turnover Intention of Nurses in Emergency Department Su Youn Maeng, Mi Hae Sung Korean Journal of Occupational Health Nursing.2015; 24(2): 86. CrossRef
Effects of Perception of the Healthcare Accreditation, and Job Stress on Turnover Intention in Nurses Mi Ja Kim, Jeong Sil Choi Journal of muscle and joint health.2015; 22(2): 87. CrossRef
Impact of Job Stress on Turnover Intention among Emergency Room Nurses Yu-Lim Lee, Sukhee Ahn Journal of muscle and joint health.2015; 22(1): 30. CrossRef
Relationships among Work Environment, Job Satisfaction and Turnover Intention of Nurses in an Emergency Department Hee-Young Jung, Mi Hae Sung Journal of East-West Nursing Research.2014; 20(1): 29. CrossRef
Effects of Traumatic Events, Compassion Fatigue, Self-esteem, and Compassion Satisfaction on Burnout of Nurses in Emergency Department (ED) Yeon-Jin Jun, Mi Hae Sung Korean Journal of Occupational Health Nursing.2014; 23(2): 80. CrossRef
First
Prev
