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Original Article

Action Research in Hospital Settings: A Literature Review of International Nursing Journals

Jeong Eun Moon1, Mi-Ok Song1, Hee Young Kim2, Hyun Young Park3, Eun A Kim3, Yun Min Kim4, Keum Seong Jang5
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration 2016;22(1):46-56.
Published online: January 31, 2016

1Chosun Nursing College, Korea.

2Department of Nursing, Dongsin University, Korea.

3Department of Nursing, Honam University, Korea.

4Department of Nursing, Gwangju Health University, Korea.

5College of Nursing, Chonnam National University · Chonnam Research Institute of Nursing Science, Korea.

Corresponding author: Song, Mi-Ok. Chosun Nursing College, 309-2 Pilmun-daero, Dong-gu, Gwangju 61453, Korea. Tel: +82-62-231-7336, Fax: +82-62-232-9072, coffeesong@cnc.ac.kr
• Received: November 9, 2015   • Revised: December 29, 2015   • Accepted: January 4, 2016

Copyright © 2016 Korean Academy of Nursing Administration

This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/), which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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  • Purpose
    Purpose of this study was to identify major trends of action research from 2006 to 2013 and suggest directions for activating and advancing domestic action research in nursing.
  • Methods
    A review was made of 118 action research studies in hospital settings reported in international journals. Search from PubMed, Ovid, and CINHAL was done using analysis criteria developed by the researchers. General and methodological characteristics and focus on changing outcomes of action research were analyzed.
  • Results
    The major group of researchers belonged to colleges/universities (40.7%). Methods included use of qualitative methods (61.0%), research questions (24.6%), and use of theoretical models (35.6%). Prevalent data collection methods were interviews (20.2%), and 48.3% showed more than a 1-cycle process including spiral circulation structure. Focus of changing outcomes of the 56 papers including more than 1-cycle were practice (66.1%), environment (8.9%), client-nurse (7.1%).
  • Conclusion
    Trends in action research in nursing were identified providing necessary reasons to increase action research in nursing as follows: needs of various researchers including stakeholders as well as healthcare providers, various research designs including unconstrained reflection and writing, specific presentation of adapted theoretical models and action strategies, and quality assurance for validity and reliability of research processes and outcomes.
  • Key Words: Action research; Hospital; Review; Research trend
  • 1. Lee YS, Kim YC, Lee HG, Kim YM, Cho DJ, Cho JS. Action research. Seoul: Hakjisa; 2005. p. 21-42.
  • 2. Soh KL, Davidson P, Leslie G, Rahman ABA. Action research studies in the intensive care setting: A systematic review. Int J Nurs Stud. 2011;48(2):258-268.
  • 3. Williamson GR, Bellman L, Webster J. Action research in nursing and healthcare. 1st ed. In: Jang KS, Kim HY, Kim EA, Kim YM, Moon JE, Park H, , editors. translators. Seoul: Hyunmoonsa.
  • 4. Koshy E, Koshy V, Waterman H. Action research in healthcare. New Delhi: Sage; 2011.
  • 5. Kim MO. Utilities and application of action research in Korean Social Welfare Research. Korean J Soc Welf. 2009;61(3):179-204.
  • 6. Heyns T. A journey towards emancipatory practice development [dissertation]. South Africa: University of South Africa; 2008.
  • 7. Zuber-Skerritt O, Fletcher M. The quality of an action research thesis in the social sciences. Qual Assur Educ. 2007;15(4):413-436.
  • 8. Munn-Giddings C, McVicar A, Smith L. Systematic review of the uptake and design of action research in published nursing research, 2000-2005. J Res Nurs. 2008;13(6):465-477.
  • 9. Kim YM, Jang KS. An action research study on the effects of an action learning-based nursing professionalism course for nursing students. J Korean Educ. 2014;41(4):123-147.
  • 10. Kim H, Kim YH. An action research to improve fundamental nursing practice course - Designing college courses model. J Korean Acad Fundam Nurs. 2015;22(2):169-179.
  • 11. Jang KS, Kim HY, Kim EA, Kim YM, Moon JE, Park H, et al. A journey to action research in clinical nursing context. J Korean Acad Nurs Adm. 2013;19(1):95-107.
  • 12. Kim B. Action research for parent empowerment of married immigrant women. J Korean Acad Psychiatr Ment Health Nurs. 2013;22(1):65-76.
  • 13. Choe MA, Bang KS, Kim NC, Kim SJ, Kim YS, Kim HS, et al. Nursing Research Trends Analysis Using 2011 East Asian Forum of Nursing Scholars (EAFONS) Abstract. J Korean Acad Soc Nurs Edu. 2012;18(2):332-342.
  • 14. Kim HS. Conceptual domains in nursing: A framework for theoretical analysis. In: Kim HS, editor. The nature of theoretical thinking in nursing. 3rd ed. New York, NY: Springer Pub. Co.; 2010. p. 59-84.
  • 15. Krugman M, Heggem L, Kinney LJ, Frueh M. Longitudinal charge nurse leadership development and evaluation. J Nurs Adm. 2013;43(9):438-446.
  • 16. Havens DS, Wood SO, Leeman J. Improving nursing practice and patient care: Building capacity with appreciative inquiry. J Nurs Adm. 2006;36(10):463-470.
  • 17. Kang JY, So KH. Education action research in Korea. Asian J Educ. 2011;12(3):197-224.
  • 18. Waterman H, Tillen D, Dickson R, De Koning K. Action research: A systematic review and guidance for assessment. Health Technol Assess. 2001;5(23):iii-157.
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  • 20. Coghlan D, Casey M. Action research from the inside: Issues and challenges in doing action research in your own hospital. J Adv Nurs. 2001;35(5):674-682.
  • 21. Rigour and quality. In: Koch T, Kralik D, editors. Participatory action research in health care. Oxford; Malden, MA: Blackwell Pub; 2006. p. 137-149.
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  • 23. Waterman H. Embracing ambiguities and valuing ourselves: Issues of validity in action research. J Adv Nurs. 1998;28(1):101-105.
Figure 1

Literature selection process in this study.

jkana-22-46-g001.jpg
Table 1

General Characteristics of the Literature (N=118)

jkana-22-46-i001.jpg

*Top 5 countries; †Multiple responses; NHS=National health service; UK=United Kingdom; USA=United States of America.

Table 2

Methodological Characteristics of the Action Research (N=118)

jkana-22-46-i002.jpg

*Lewin K. Action research and minority problems. The Journal of Social Issues 1946;2(4):34-46; †Rigour and quality. In: Koch T, Kralik D, editors. Participatory action research in health care. Oxford; Malden, MA: Blackwell Pub.; 2006. pp. 137~149; ‡participatory action research; §Kemmis S, McTaggart R. The action research planner.3rd ed. Waurn Ponds, Vic.: Deakin University: Distributed by Deakin University Press; 1988; ∥Coghlan D, Casey M. Action research from the inside: issues and challenges in doing action research in your own hospital. Journal of Advanced Nursing 2001;35 (5):674~682. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365~2648.2001.01899.x; Wadsworth Y. Everyday evaluation on the run. 2nd ed. St. Leonards NSW, Australia: Allen & Unwin; 1997; **for example, it included that just stated AR, PAR, or Emancipatory AR; ††Multiple responses; ‡‡nurse & nurse manager, nursing students, nursing professors, & other healthcare professionals; §§adults patients, ped-adolescents patients; ∥∥family guardians, caregivers, & other well participants; ¶¶the most frequent top 5 strategy.

Table 3

Focus of Research Outcomes of the Action Research with a Cyclic Process (N=56)

jkana-22-46-i003.jpg

Figure & Data

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      Action Research in Hospital Settings: A Literature Review of International Nursing Journals
      J Korean Acad Nurs Adm. 2016;22(1):46-56.   Published online January 31, 2016
      DOI: https://doi.org/10.11111/jkana.2016.22.1.46
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      Action Research in Hospital Settings: A Literature Review of International Nursing Journals
      J Korean Acad Nurs Adm. 2016;22(1):46-56.   Published online January 31, 2016
      DOI: https://doi.org/10.11111/jkana.2016.22.1.46
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      Action Research in Hospital Settings: A Literature Review of International Nursing Journals
      Image
      Figure 1 Literature selection process in this study.

      Figure 1

      Action Research in Hospital Settings: A Literature Review of International Nursing Journals

      General Characteristics of the Literature (N=118)

      *Top 5 countries; †Multiple responses; NHS=National health service; UK=United Kingdom; USA=United States of America.

      Methodological Characteristics of the Action Research (N=118)

      *Lewin K. Action research and minority problems. The Journal of Social Issues 1946;2(4):34-46; †Rigour and quality. In: Koch T, Kralik D, editors. Participatory action research in health care. Oxford; Malden, MA: Blackwell Pub.; 2006. pp. 137~149; ‡participatory action research; §Kemmis S, McTaggart R. The action research planner.3rd ed. Waurn Ponds, Vic.: Deakin University: Distributed by Deakin University Press; 1988; ∥Coghlan D, Casey M. Action research from the inside: issues and challenges in doing action research in your own hospital. Journal of Advanced Nursing 2001;35 (5):674~682. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365~2648.2001.01899.x; Wadsworth Y. Everyday evaluation on the run. 2nd ed. St. Leonards NSW, Australia: Allen & Unwin; 1997; **for example, it included that just stated AR, PAR, or Emancipatory AR; ††Multiple responses; ‡‡nurse & nurse manager, nursing students, nursing professors, & other healthcare professionals; §§adults patients, ped-adolescents patients; ∥∥family guardians, caregivers, & other well participants; ¶¶the most frequent top 5 strategy.

      Focus of Research Outcomes of the Action Research with a Cyclic Process (N=56)
      Table 1 General Characteristics of the Literature (N=118)

      *Top 5 countries; †Multiple responses; NHS=National health service; UK=United Kingdom; USA=United States of America.

      Table 2 Methodological Characteristics of the Action Research (N=118)

      *Lewin K. Action research and minority problems. The Journal of Social Issues 1946;2(4):34-46; †Rigour and quality. In: Koch T, Kralik D, editors. Participatory action research in health care. Oxford; Malden, MA: Blackwell Pub.; 2006. pp. 137~149; ‡participatory action research; §Kemmis S, McTaggart R. The action research planner.3rd ed. Waurn Ponds, Vic.: Deakin University: Distributed by Deakin University Press; 1988; ∥Coghlan D, Casey M. Action research from the inside: issues and challenges in doing action research in your own hospital. Journal of Advanced Nursing 2001;35 (5):674~682. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365~2648.2001.01899.x; Wadsworth Y. Everyday evaluation on the run. 2nd ed. St. Leonards NSW, Australia: Allen & Unwin; 1997; **for example, it included that just stated AR, PAR, or Emancipatory AR; ††Multiple responses; ‡‡nurse & nurse manager, nursing students, nursing professors, & other healthcare professionals; §§adults patients, ped-adolescents patients; ∥∥family guardians, caregivers, & other well participants; ¶¶the most frequent top 5 strategy.

      Table 3 Focus of Research Outcomes of the Action Research with a Cyclic Process (N=56)

      Table 1

      Table 2

      Table 3

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