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Original Article

Characteristics of Nursing and Caring Concepts Measured in Nursing Competencies or Caring Behaviors Tools

Eun-Jun Park1, Myung-Hae Kim2
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration 2016;22(5):480-495.
Published online: December 31, 2016

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Corresponding author: Kim, Myung-Hae. Department of Nursing, Ansan University, 155 Ansandaehak-ro, Sangnok-gu, Ansan 15328, Korea. Tel: +82-31-400-6921, Fax: +82-31-400-7107, kmhheart@hanmail.net
• Received: July 12, 2016   • Revised: September 19, 2016   • Accepted: October 1, 2016

Copyright © 2016 Korean Academy of Nursing Administration

This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/), which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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  • Purpose
    The purpose of the study was to identify characteristics of nursing and caring concepts measured by nursing competencies or caring behaviors tools for general nurses working in acute care hospitals.
  • Methods
    Five major nursing literature databases were used to identify the relevant tools. The study included 19 nursing competencies tools with a total of 843 measurement items and 12 caring behaviors tools with 334 items. According to the International Council of Nurses (ICN)'s Competencies Framework and 8Cs suggested by Roach (1987) and Pusari (1998), the measurement items were classified by two researchers independently first and in agreement finally.
  • Results
    Competency of ‘key principles of care’ including sub-areas of the ICN Framework was most commonly found: on average 49.3% of nursing competencies items and 91.9% of caring behaviors items. 97.0% of the caring behaviors items were classified into one of six Cs: competence (27.5%), confidence (21.3%), compassion (17.1%), commitment (16.5%), communication (9.9%), or conscience (4.8%).
  • Conclusion
    Nursing competencies tools were more likely to measure ‘what to do’ focusing on tasks, while caring behaviors tools were to measure ‘how to do’ focusing on nurses' attitudes or values. Nursing practices should be evaluated with both nursing competencies and caring behaviors tools, considering that nursing and caring were differently conceptualized in the quantitative tools.
  • Key Words: Nursing care; Caring; Clinical competence; Professional competence; Surveys and questionnaires

This paper was supported by Konkuk University.

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Appendix

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Table 1

Measurement Tools of Nursing Competencies or Caring Behaviors

jkana-22-480-i001.jpg

Note. ㉠, Face/content validity; ㉡, Construct validity; ㉢, Convergent validity; ㉣, Discriminant validity; ㉤, Criterion-related validity; ㉥, Concurrent validity; ㉠, Contrast validity; ⓐ, Internal consistency (Cronbach's α); ⓑ, Item-total correlation; ⓒ, Inter-item correlation; ⓓ, Test-retest correlation; ⓔ, Inter-rater reliability.

Table 2

The ICN's Competencies Framework for General RNs and Examples of Item Classification

jkana-22-480-i002.jpg

*Measurement tool's ID from Table 1

Table 3

8Cs' Meanings and Examples of Item Classification

jkana-22-480-i003.jpg

*Measurement tool's ID from Table 1

Table 4

Classification of Nursing Competency or Caring Behavior Items according to the ICN Competencies Framework

jkana-22-480-i004.jpg

Unit: n (%).

*Tool N3 includes 13 competencies but 18 items were used for classification because of some competencies were measured with more than one item.

Table 5

Classification of Caring Questionnaire Items according to the 8Cs

jkana-22-480-i005.jpg

Figure & Data

References

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    Characteristics of Nursing and Caring Concepts Measured in Nursing Competencies or Caring Behaviors Tools
    J Korean Acad Nurs Adm. 2016;22(5):480-495.   Published online December 31, 2016
    DOI: https://doi.org/10.11111/jkana.2016.22.5.480
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    Characteristics of Nursing and Caring Concepts Measured in Nursing Competencies or Caring Behaviors Tools
    J Korean Acad Nurs Adm. 2016;22(5):480-495.   Published online December 31, 2016
    DOI: https://doi.org/10.11111/jkana.2016.22.5.480
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    Characteristics of Nursing and Caring Concepts Measured in Nursing Competencies or Caring Behaviors Tools
    Characteristics of Nursing and Caring Concepts Measured in Nursing Competencies or Caring Behaviors Tools

    Measurement Tools of Nursing Competencies or Caring Behaviors

    Note. ㉠, Face/content validity; ㉡, Construct validity; ㉢, Convergent validity; ㉣, Discriminant validity; ㉤, Criterion-related validity; ㉥, Concurrent validity; ㉠, Contrast validity; ⓐ, Internal consistency (Cronbach's α); ⓑ, Item-total correlation; ⓒ, Inter-item correlation; ⓓ, Test-retest correlation; ⓔ, Inter-rater reliability.

    The ICN's Competencies Framework for General RNs and Examples of Item Classification

    *Measurement tool's ID from Table 1

    8Cs' Meanings and Examples of Item Classification

    *Measurement tool's ID from Table 1

    Classification of Nursing Competency or Caring Behavior Items according to the ICN Competencies Framework

    Unit: n (%).

    *Tool N3 includes 13 competencies but 18 items were used for classification because of some competencies were measured with more than one item.

    Classification of Caring Questionnaire Items according to the 8Cs
    Table 1 Measurement Tools of Nursing Competencies or Caring Behaviors

    Note. ㉠, Face/content validity; ㉡, Construct validity; ㉢, Convergent validity; ㉣, Discriminant validity; ㉤, Criterion-related validity; ㉥, Concurrent validity; ㉠, Contrast validity; ⓐ, Internal consistency (Cronbach's α); ⓑ, Item-total correlation; ⓒ, Inter-item correlation; ⓓ, Test-retest correlation; ⓔ, Inter-rater reliability.

    Table 2 The ICN's Competencies Framework for General RNs and Examples of Item Classification

    *Measurement tool's ID from Table 1

    Table 3 8Cs' Meanings and Examples of Item Classification

    *Measurement tool's ID from Table 1

    Table 4 Classification of Nursing Competency or Caring Behavior Items according to the ICN Competencies Framework

    Unit: n (%).

    *Tool N3 includes 13 competencies but 18 items were used for classification because of some competencies were measured with more than one item.

    Table 5 Classification of Caring Questionnaire Items according to the 8Cs

    Table 1

    Table 2

    Table 3

    Table 4

    Table 5

    J Korean Acad Nurs Adm : Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration

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