Purpose
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of shared leadership and vertical leadership on team satisfaction, team commitment, and team performance of nurses. Methods: This study was a descriptive survey study. The participants in this study were 165 nurses working at a general hospital located in Gyeonggi-do, Korea. Data were collected from March 9 to April 12, 2018 using a structured questionnaire and analyzed with the SPSS/WIN program. Results: Shared leadership and vertical leadership were found to have a positive correlation with the nurse's team satisfaction, team commitment, and team performance. Empowering leadership behavior, one of the sub-factors of shared leadership, had a positive effect on team satisfaction (β=.25, p=.003), team commitment (β=.32, p<.001), and team performance (β=.25, p=.004). Empowering leadership behavior, one of the sub-factors of vertical leadership, had a positive effect on team performance (β=.32, p=.023). Conclusion: These results show that the team effect of shared leadership is better than that of vertical leadership. It can be concluded that empowering leadership behavior is important in improving the team performance of nurses. Therefore, hospitals and nursing managers should strive to develop the enhanced empowering leadership behavior programs for nurses.

Citations

• The power of many: analyzing the impact of shared leadership on project teams
  Qiwei Zhou, Qiong Wu, Yuyuan Sun, Kathryn Cormican
  International Journal of Managing Projects in Business.2025; 18(1): 53.     CrossRef
• Effects of Shared Leadership and Communication Competence on Nursing Team Effectiveness in Comprehensive Nursing Service Units: Focusing on the Team Nursing System
  Hye Jin Kim, Eunjoo Lee
  Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration.2025; 31(2): 143.     CrossRef
• Factors affecting the patient safety activities of hospital nurses: A cross-sectional study focusing on shared leadership
  Bokyung Kim, Soyoung Yu
  Safety Science.2024; 174: 106460.     CrossRef
• Latent Profile Analysis of Nurse Work Attitudes and Their Impact on Performance: A Cross-Sectional Study
  Eun Jeong Choi, Ja Yun Choi
  Korean Journal of Adult Nursing.2024; 36(3): 203.     CrossRef
• The association between team cohesion and performance: A network analysis of nurses
  Huimin Wei, Simeng Zhang, Wenran Qu, Mengqi Liu, Zeping Yan, Xiaorong Luan
  Nursing & Health Sciences.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
• The Influence of Leader-Member Exchange Relationship, Perceived Organizational Support, and Work-Life Balance on Tertiary Hospital Nurses’ Retention Intention
  Ji Hoe Yoon, Hyojung Park
  Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing.2023; 30(1): 13.     CrossRef

Purpose
The aim of this study was to examine the differences in nurse staffing levels and patient outcomes in long-term care hospitals by region and to identity the effects of nurse staffing level and registered nurse proportion on patient outcomes.
Methods
A secondary analysis of national data that included general characteristics of hospitals and long-term care hospitals’ evaluation results from the Health Insurance Review and Assessment Services was conducted, and 1,205 hospitals were selected.
Results
Results showed that the mean number of patients per nursing staff and registered nurse proportion were 4.27 and 0.43, respectively. The differences in long-term care hospitals’ evaluation results and nurse staffing levels according to region were significant. A logistic regression analysis showed that the number of patients per nursing staff affected the probability of the patient experiencing a decline in daily life activities, as well as a decline in the outcomes of patients who were non-dementia; registered nurse proportion affected the outcomes of patients with dementia.
Conclusion
The findings suggest that implementing policies to improve long-term care hospitals’ nurse staffing level and registered nurse proportion is important. Ensuring mandatory registered nurse staffing levels based on the severity of patients’ diagnoses is also necessary.

Citations

• Factors Affecting Fall Incidents at Long-term Care Hospitals: Using Data from the Korea Patient Safety Reporting and Learning System
  Soojin Chung, Jeongim Lee
  Journal of Health Informatics and Statistics.2025; 50(1): 96.     CrossRef
• Registered Nurse Staffing and Inpatient Outcomes in Korean Long-Term Care Hospitals
  Sujin Shin, Jung Min Yoon, Eun-Ju Moon, Mi-Ji Lee, Jin-Hwa Park
  Healthcare.2024; 12(24): 2509.     CrossRef
• Factors Associated with Patient Safety Incidents in Long-Term Care Hospitals: A Secondary Data Analysis
  Sookhee Yoon, Myungsuk Kang
  Korean Journal of Adult Nursing.2022; 34(3): 295.     CrossRef
• Type D personality, cognitive illness perception, depression, approach coping, and self-management among older adults in long-term care hospitals: Structural equation modeling
  Sunki Kim, Mona Choi, JuHee Lee, Heejung Kim, Kijun Song, Hye-Ja Park
  Geriatric Nursing.2022; 48: 150.     CrossRef

PURPOSE
This study was conducted to develop a nursing leadership program outcome evaluation system, required for accreditation of nursing education.
METHODS
A methodological design was used. To ensure the theoretical validity of the evaluation system, learning objectives for nursing education programs and job descriptions for nurses in Korea were verified by analyzing the relationships in the five attributes of the nursing leadership concept. The nursing leadership program outcome evaluation system was developed based on the Kim & Park's developmental model (2008).
RESULTS
The nursing leadership program outcome evaluation system was established, including implementation level, education curriculum, level of performance, evaluation method, rubrics, and Close-the-Loop.
CONCLUSION
The developed evaluation system can be actively used in nursing education, and contribute to enhancing the leadership competencies of nursing students and graduate nurses.

Citations

• The Current Status of Nursing Management Practicum during the COVID-19 Pandemic
  Eun A Kim, Yoomi Jung, Miyoung Kim, Jeong Hee Kim, Myonghwa Park, Kyung Ryu
  Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration.2022; 28(4): 471.     CrossRef
• Nursing Leadership Competencies among New Nurses: Perceptions of Nursing Managers’
  Jimee Kim, Sung Kyung Hong, Mi Mi Park, Jae Sun Yu
  Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration.2021; 27(5): 344.     CrossRef
• Reliability and Validity of the Clinical Competency Scale for Nursing Students
  Bo Young Kim, Myeong Jeong Chae, Yun Ok Choi
  Journal of Korean Academy of Community Health Nursing.2018; 29(2): 220.     CrossRef

PURPOSE
The purpose of this study was to identify the impact of practical communication strategies (PCS) on the reduction of AEs (Adverse Events) in pediatric cardiac ICU (PCICU).
METHODS
Intra-operative findings and care plans were documented and shared between staff members on a daily basis from the day of operation to the day of general ward transfer. Incidence of AEs was investigated in all patients who were admitted to the PCICU and was compared with incidence of AEs one year after establishment of PCS.
RESULTS
The study population consisted of 216 patients in pre-PCS group and 156 patients in post-PCS group. Incidence of readmission decreased from 6.0% (13/216) in pre-PCS group to 0.6% (1/156) in post-PCS group (chi2=7.23, p=.010). Incidence of other major complications decreased from 4.2% (9/216) to 0.6% (chi2=6.66, p=.012). Minor AEs such as intervention omission, order error, and protocol misunderstanding were reduced from 23.3 cases per 100 patient-days to 7.5 cases per 100 patient-days (chi2=20.31, p<.001).
CONCLUSION
Handover protocol is an effective strategy to reduce AEs for critically ill patients after pediatric cardiac surgery. Efforts to develop effective communication strategies should be continued and outcome research about communication strategies for patient safety should be further studied.

PURPOSE
This study was conducted to explore the impact of nurse staffing level and oral care on pneumonia in elderly inpatients in long-term care hospitals (LTCHs).
METHODS
Data were obtained from the Health Insurance Review and Assessment Services (HIRA) including the profiles of LTCHs, monthly patient assessment reports and medical report survey data of pneumonia patients by HIRA in the fourth quarter of 2010. The sample consisted of 37 LTCHs and 6,593 patients.
RESULTS
Patient per nurse staff (OR=1.43, CI=1.22~1.68) and no oral care (OR=1.29, CI=1.01~1.64) were significantly related with hospital acquired pneumonia. The difference in percent of oral care by hospital was not significant between high and low group in nurse staffing level.
CONCLUSION
In order to reduce the occurrence of pneumonia in eldery patients, effective nursing interventions are not only required but also nurse staffing levels that enable nurses to provide the intervention.

Citations

• The Level of Performance, Frequency and Educational Needs of Nursing Activities in Long-term Care Hospital
  Sun-Sook Moon, Yeon Ok Suh, Kyung-Woo Lee, Jasung Gu
  The Korean Journal of Rehabilitation Nursing.2018; 21(2): 110.     CrossRef

PURPOSE
The core of accreditation for nursing education is to improve the ability and quality of graduates through a CQI system based on outcomes. For program outcomes of nursing education accreditation criterion, it is necessary to understand the relationship among education assessment, objective and curriculum.
METHODS
The focus of this study was on program outcomes and the assessment. First measures for improving the general problems of program outcomes associated with the assessment system were stated. Detailed measure for practicing program outcomes, the assessment system and the assessment tool using Rubrics were discussed.
RESULTS
Detailed measure were established for practicing the program outcomes, assessment system and assessment tool, which makes use of rubrics, program outcome No 3 of the Korean Accreditation Board of Nursing Education.
CONCLUSION
Therefore it is expected that the assessment system established in this study will allow universities to conduct program outcomes and assessment.

Citations

• The Current Status of Nursing Management Practicum during the COVID-19 Pandemic
  Eun A Kim, Yoomi Jung, Miyoung Kim, Jeong Hee Kim, Myonghwa Park, Kyung Ryu
  Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration.2022; 28(4): 471.     CrossRef
• Implementing Medical Education Continuous Quality Improvement Using Design‐Based Research
  Aehwa Lee, Hye Jin Park, Soon Gu Kim, Jin Young Kim, Yu Na Kang, Se Youp Lee, Won-Ki Baek
  Korean Medical Education Review.2020; 22(3): 189.     CrossRef
• Reliability and validation of the Korean Compassionate Communication Scale
  Hae-Kyung Jo, Sook Kyoung Park, EunJu Song
  Frontiers of Nursing.2019; 6(3): 175.     CrossRef
• A Study on Evaluation System for Nursing Bachelor Degree Program Outcomes: Focus on Improvement in Nursing Leadership Ability
  Keum Seong Jang, Bok Nam Kim, Seok Hee Jeong, Yun Min Kim, Jung Sook Kim
  Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration.2016; 22(5): 540.     CrossRef
• The development of a web-based database system for managing program learning outcomes in a nursing school
  Mikyung Moon, Soo-Kyoung Lee
  Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society.2015; 16(4): 2665.     CrossRef
• Development of Program Outcome Self-Assessment Tool in Korean Nursing Baccalaureate Education
  Hyun-Kyoung Kim
  The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education.2015; 21(2): 215.     CrossRef
• A Study on application Course Embedded Assessment(CEA) for Program Outcome Assessment in Nursing Education
  Soung-Mi Nam
  Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society.2015; 16(5): 3121.     CrossRef
• The Development of the Integrated Nursing Practicum Education Matrix based on Learning Outcomes
  JuHee Lee, Taewha Lee, Hyunkyeong Lee, Sanghee Kim, Juyeon Bae, Jeehee Han, Kyongeun Lee
  The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education.2015; 21(4): 528.     CrossRef

PURPOSE
The purpose of this study was to explore the use of outcome indicators and perception of outcome evaluation of oncology advanced practice nurses (APNs).
METHOD
A total of 111 oncology APNs from hospitals which have over 400 beds were surveyed. The participants' use of outcome indicators and perception of outcome evaluation were collected using a questionnaire including 84 outcome indicators for APNs developed by Sung et al. and 13 items on APNs' contribution to the hospitals developed by Kleinpell (2005). Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, and chi2 test.
RESULT
Twelve items out of 84 outcome indicators were used over 50% of the time and 57 items could be used in the future by the participants. Seven of the 10 top-ranking outcome indicators in use were education related and were also expected to be used frequently in the future. The score for participants' perception of outcome evaluation was average-high, 3.82 out of 5.
CONCLUSIONS
The results of the study show that the main outcome indicator for oncology APNs is education related, and thus the use of education related outcome indicators is recommended to make oncology APNs' activities be more visible.

Citations

• Safe Handling of Cytotoxic Drugs and Use of Personal Protective Equipment among Nurses at a Regional Cancer Center
  Seon Mi Kim, Seon Ok Hong, Hye Sook Chung, Jeong Yun Park
  Asian Oncology Nursing.2018; 18(4): 206.     CrossRef
• Job Performance by Advanced Practice Nurses in Korea
  Mijung Kim, Yeong Kyeong Kim, Sujin Shin
  Korean Journal of Adult Nursing.2014; 26(6): 630.     CrossRef
• Satisfaction with Korean Oncology Advanced Practice Nurses' Role: A Study of Patients, Physicians, and Nurses
  Soo Hyun Kim, Yun Hee Ham, Jeong Hye Kim, Hye Kyung Kim, Ok Hee Hwang, Min Young Kim, Insook Lee, Jiyeon Lee, Sun-Hee Kim, Ji Hyun Sung, Young Sook Tae
  Asian Oncology Nursing.2014; 14(1): 41.     CrossRef
• Clinical Reasoning Ability of Oncology Nurses
  Eun Young Park
  Asian Oncology Nursing.2014; 14(4): 265.     CrossRef
• The Job Experience of Oncology Nurse Specialists
  Young Sook Tae, Suhye Kwon, Young Sook Lee
  Asian Oncology Nursing.2014; 14(4): 236.     CrossRef

PURPOSE
The objective of this study was to analyze the effects of medical staffing level as bed-to-medical staff ratio on patient outcomes as length of stay (LOS) among hospitals in Korea.
METHODS
Two hundred and fifty one hospitals participated in the study between January and March 2008. Data for the study was requested by an electronic data interchange from the Health Insurance Review Agency in 2008. In data analysis, SPSS WIN 15.0 program was utilized for descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficients, and multiple regression.
RESULTS
The mean score for length of stay was 13.6 days. The mean of operating bed-to-nurse ratio was 7.93:1. The predicting factors for LOS were bed-to-nurse's aide ratio, bed-to doctor's ratio, severely ill patient rate, and hospital type. These factors explained 28.9% of the variance in patient outcomes.
CONCLUSION
This study results indicate that the relationship between medical staffing level and patient outcomes is important in the improvement of the quality of patient care. Thus, improvements in the quality of the nurse practice environment could improve patient outcomes for hospitalized patients.

Citations

• Impact on health outcomes of hemodialysis patients based on the experience level of registered nurses in the hemodialysis department: a cross-sectional analysis
  EunYoung Jeong
  Frontiers in Health Services.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
• Effect of an Age-Stratified Working Environment and Hospital Characteristics on Nurse Turnover
  Yoseb Lee, Jeong Lim Kim, So Hee Kim, Jungmi Chae
  Health Insurance Review & Assessment Service Research.2022; 2(1): 106.     CrossRef
• Inpatient care focused strategy and convergence performance in hospitals
  Hai-Won Yoo
  Journal of the Korea Convergence Society.2016; 7(4): 59.     CrossRef
• Relationship between Medical Service Specialization and Operational Performance in Hospitals: Focusing on Length of Stay and Medical Expense
  Hai-Won Yoo, Kyoung-Hoon Kim
  The Korean Journal of Health Service Management.2016; 10(1): 1.     CrossRef
• A Study on Fitness Evaluation for Major Education of Competency Unit Element by the Development and Application of Subject Contents Based on NCS of Health Majoring Students at Junior Colleges
  Min-Ja Kim, Hee-Jung Yang
  Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society.2016; 17(8): 508.     CrossRef
• Effect of nurse staffing variation and hospital resource utilization
  Yunmi Kim, Seon‐Ha Kim, Young Ko
  Nursing & Health Sciences.2016; 18(4): 473.     CrossRef
• A Delphi Study to Elicit Policies for Nurse Workforce based on Patient Safety
  Sung Ok Chang, Byoung Sook Lee, Jong Im Kim, Sung Rae Shin
  Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration.2014; 20(2): 215.     CrossRef

PURPOSE
The purpose of this study was to identify NANDA, NIC, and NOC frequently used and their linkages in major nursing departments for development of the nursing process and nursing management system.
METHODS
This study was a descriptive study. Data were collected from 123 nurses who worked in medical, surgical, pediatric, gynecologic, and psychiatric department. The questionnaire was based on the NANDA, NOC, NIC, and NANDA-NOC-NIC linkage system. This research was analyzed by an EXCEL program and SPSS Pc+15.0.
RESULTS
Nursing diagnoses frequently used were 'anxiety', 'disturbed sleep pattern', 'activity intolerance', 'social isolation', 'nausea', 'ineffective airway clearance', 'chronic pain', nursing outcomes frequently used were 'thermoregulation', 'bowel elimination', 'pain control', 'vital sign status', 'pain level', and nursing interventions frequently used were 'nausea management', 'airway suctioning', 'bowel elimination management', 'diarrhea management', 'medication management'. NANDA-NOC-NIC linkages in major nursing departments were recognized, and these results were similar to the results of other researches.
CONCLUSION
The results of this study will be provided as a guideline to apply to the nursing process and development of the nursing process system with the NANDA-NOC-NIC linkage in major nursing department.

Citations

• Effectiveness of Nursing Interventions using Standardized Nursing Terminologies: An Integrative Review
  Sena Chae, Hyunkyoung Oh, Sue Moorhead
  Western Journal of Nursing Research.2020; 42(11): 963.     CrossRef
• Identification of Nursing Diagnosis–Outcome–Intervention Linkages for Inpatients in the Obstetrics Department Nursing Unit in South Korea
  Min Ji Yang, Hye Young Kim, Eun Ko, Hyun Kyung Kim
  International Journal of Nursing Knowledge.2019; 30(1): 12.     CrossRef
• The Network Analysis of Nursing Diagnoses for Children Admitted in Pediatric Units Determined by Nursing Students
  Mikyung Moon
  Journal of Health Informatics and Statistics.2017; 42(3): 223.     CrossRef
• Identification of Nursing Diagnosis-Outcome-Intervention Linkages for Inpatients in Gynecology Department Nursing Units
  Min Ji Yang, Hye Young Kim
  Korean Journal of Women Health Nursing.2016; 22(3): 170.     CrossRef
• Development of an Evidence-based Nursing Process System to Improve Clinical Decision Making with Colorectal Cancer Nursing Diagnosis
  Hyun Sang Park, Hune Cho, Hwa Sun Kim
  Journal of Korea Multimedia Society.2016; 19(7): 1197.     CrossRef
• The Effects of a Web‐Based Nursing Process Documentation Program on Stress and Anxiety of Nursing Students in South Korea
  Eunjoo Lee, Hyun Kyung Noh
  International Journal of Nursing Knowledge.2016; 27(1): 35.     CrossRef
• Usage Patterns of Nursing Diagnoses among Student Nurses in Psychiatric Unit: Relation with NANDA and SNOMED CT
  Haesook Hong, Jeongeun Park, Wanju Park
  Journal of Korean Academy of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing.2015; 24(1): 1.     CrossRef
• Relationships Among NANDA‐I Diagnoses, Nursing Outcomes Classification, and Nursing Interventions Classification by Nursing Students for Patients in Medical‐Surgical Units in Korea
  Hyun Kyung Noh, Eunjoo Lee
  International Journal of Nursing Knowledge.2015; 26(1): 43.     CrossRef
• Nursing outcomes of inpatient on level of nursing staffing in long term care hospitals
  Eun Hee Kim, Eunjoo Lee
  Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society.2015; 26(3): 715.     CrossRef
• Identification of Major Nursing Diagnosis, Nursing Outcomes, and Nursing Interventions (NNN) Linkage for Cancer Patients Undergoing Chemotherapy
  Su Mi Song, Hyangsook So, Minjeong An
  Korean Journal of Adult Nursing.2014; 26(4): 413.     CrossRef
• Construction and Application of Nursing Information System Using NANDA-NOC-NIC Linkage in Medical-Surgical Nursing Units
  Eun Ko, Hyang-Sook So
  Korean Journal of Adult Nursing.2013; 25(4): 365.     CrossRef