Purpose This study analyzed news titles related to nurses in Korea before and after the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID 19) pandemic, and aimed to identify the implications of media reports.
Methods: Data from January 2019 to December 2020 were collected from BIGKINDS regarding Korean nurses. Text mining and CONCOR analysis were conducted on the top 30 keywords using TEXTOM and Ucinet 6.
Results: From the findings of this study, keywords were related to Taewom and Newborn death in 2019. Additionally, because of COVID-19 and the controversy over the encouragement of President Moon Jae-in, Taewom was included in 2020. Using CONCOR analysis, 6 clusters (characteristics and results of major incidents, the issue related target, Newborn abuse, Taewom, drugs, nursing education) were generated in 2019, and 6 clusters (emergency room, hero, controversy, Taewom, COVID-19, hospital infection) were generated in 2020.
Conclusion: Before and after the COVID-19 pandemic, most of the news headlines of nurses consisted of negative keywords, while there were few positive news headlines. In order to improve the image of nurses, it is necessary to continuously analyze media trends and establish strategies accordingly.
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Purpose This study aims to determine the influence of clinical nurses’ second-victim experience and second-victim support on their negative work-related outcomes.
Methods: We used a cross-sectional design with a convenience sample of 179 clinical nurses from two Korean tertiary hospitals. The data were collected through a structured self-questionnaire survey and analyzed via descriptive analysis, independent t-tests, one-way ANOVA (analysis of variance), Pearson correlation coefficients, and hierarchical multiple regression.
Results: Second-victim experience revealed a significant negative correlation with second-victim support and a significant positive correlation with negative work-related outcomes. The second-victim experience was found to be a significant predictor of negative work-related outcomes. These factors explained 46.3% of the negative work-related outcomes in the regression model.
Conclusion: It is necessary to determine the degree of second-victim experience among clinical nurses and provide second-victim support to prevent future occurrences of negative work-related outcomes.
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Purpose This study was designed to construct and test a structural equation model of nurses’ experience of workplace incivility based on the model of the Affective Events Theory.
Methods: A total of 299 nurses from five general hospitals responded to structured questionnaires measuring personality traits (emotionality and agreeableness), structural empowerment, workplace incivility experience, emotional exhaustion and job satisfaction.
Results: The hypothetical model showed a good fit with the data: χ2 /df=1.88, GFI=.93, CFI=.95, NFI=.91, TLI=.94, SRMR=.03, RMSEA=.05. Structural empowerment had an effect on the experience of workplace incivility among nurses, but the influence of personality was not significant. Workplace incivility had significant direct effects on emotional exhaustion and job satisfaction. The experience of workplace incivility mediates the impact of structural empowerment on emotional exhaustion and job satisfaction.
Conclusion: Structural empowerment in nursing unit can reduce nurses’ experience of workplace incivility and emotional exhaustion and increase their job satisfaction. At the same time, nurses’ experience of workplace incivility can increase their emotional exhaustion and decrease job satisfaction. This suggests that nurse managers should consider enhancing structural empowerment and develop programs or activities to improve it and manage workplace inciviltiy.
Purpose This study investigated the influence of nursing practice readiness and, resilience on the nursing performance of new nurses.
Methods: Participants were 234 new nurses with 6-24 months of working experience at the wards in university and general hospitals in the B area and C areas. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS/Win 24.0, and frequency percentage, mean, and standard deviation were calculated, Mann-Whitney U test, Kruskal-Wallis test, analysis of variance, Pearson's correlation coefficients, and multiple regression analyses were performed, and the variable selection method was set as stepwise.
Results: Nursing performance significantly differed by weekly job-related education (Z=10.01, p=.007) and salary satisfaction (Z=13.04, p=.001). The nursing performance of new nurses was positively correlated with nursing practice (r=.70, p<.001) and resilience (r=.51, p<.001). The significant predictors of nursing performance were nursing practice readiness (β=.61, p<.001), resilience (β=.16, p=.003), and job training hours (β=.11, p=.02). The explanatory power of these factors was 52.0% of the variance.
Conclusion: To enhance the nursing performance of new nurses, it is necessary to improve nursing practice readiness, provide job training, and strengthen resilience. In addition, it is necessary to support programs at the institutional level for nursing performance.
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Purpose This study aims to determine nursing students’ orientation toward patient-centered care (PCC) and identify its influencing factors: their personality traits, empathy, and psychological capital (PsyCap). A mediating model was used to test the role of PsyCap in the association between empathy and PCC.
Methods: This cross-sectional study included 300 nursing students from seven universities in South Korea. Their orientation toward PCC was measured using the Patient-Practitioner Orientation Scale (PPOS). Moreover, we analyzed the data using independent t-tests, ANOVA, Pearson's r, and SPSS PROCESS macro.
Results: The overall mean score on the PPOS was 3.82±0.43, with the Caring and Sharing subscales accounting for 3.95±0.68 and 3.69±0.50, respectively. Nursing students’ satisfaction with their majors, practicums, and motivation for choosing this profession was significantly related to Caring-not Sharing. Nevertheless, PsyCap positively influenced both Caring (β=.24, p<.001) and Sharing (β=.18, p=.002). While empathy failed to significantly impact both Caring (β=.12, p=.087) and Sharing (β=.01, p=.931). PsyCap mediated the association of empathy with Caring (β=.20, p=.004); however, the same was not true for Sharing (β=.07, p=.366).
Conclusion: The findings indicate that the orientation of Korean nursing students toward PCC is not high. Therefore, to improve the PPOS Caring subscale, nurse educators should formulate better strategies to enhance nursing students’ satisfaction with their major and practicums, empathy, and PsyCap. The importance of sharing health-related information with patients and family caregivers should be emphasized in the nursing curriculum.
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Purpose The purpose of this study is to identify the effect of nursing students' perception of emerging infectious disease, ethical awareness and nurse image on their career identity in a pandemic situation.
Methods: Data were collected from 247 nursing students within universities of Daejeon, Gimcheon and Yeongdong area from May 18 to June 20, 2020. The data were analyzed using t-test, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficient and regression analysis.
Results: The subjects of this study had high level of perception of novel infectious disease (3.72±0.43), ethical awareness in pandemic situations (4.06±0.48), and nurse image (4.07±0.49), but low level of career identity (1.99±0.51). Career identify was significantly correlated with perception of novel infectious disease (r=.18, p=.005), ethical awareness in pandemic situation (r=.16, p=.011), and nurse image (r=.32, p<.001). However, excluding grade and residential area among the general characteristics, only the nurse image (β=.35, p<.001) was identified as a factor influencing career identity, and the explanatory power was 13.1%.
Conclusion: To increase the career identity of nursing students, it is necessary to raise professional nurses’ social awareness and develop a positive nurse image.
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Purpose This study aimed to examine the association of job crafting and perception of patient safety culture with patient safety management activities among hospital nurses.
Methods: This study used a questionnaire that contained the scales of Job Crafting, Patient Safety Culture, and Patient Safety Management Activities. The participants were 211 nurses from two hospitals. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, correlations and simultaneous multiple regression.
Results: The mean scores of the variables were as follows: job crafting, 3.42 out of 5; perception of patient safety culture, 3.77 out of 5; and patient safety management activities, 4.30 out of 5. The items ‘using professional autonomy’ of job crafting and ‘patient safety knowledge/attitude’ and ‘teamwork’ of patient safety culture were associated with the patient safety management activities among nurses.
Conclusion: Nurses’ patient safety knowledge and attitude of striving for patient safety influenced nurses’ patient safety management activities. To enhance nurses’ patient safety knowledge and attitude, hospitals should develop continuously provide education programs. Nurse managers need to strive for supportive teamwork and encourage adherence to patient safety rules. For nurses’ patient safety management activities, nurse education should highlight nursing as a profession that entails autonomous nursing care, which includes responsibility for patient safety.
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Purpose This study aimed to elucidate the situational context and describe the factors and attributes pertaining to occupational stress among hospital nurses in Korea.
Methods: Secondary data from focus group interviews conducted with 26 hospital nurses were analyzed using the content analysis method. Data were analyzed using Graneheim and Lundman’s content analysis method.
Results: Based on the job demand-resource theory, the contents were divided into two major themes: the “excessive job demands” and the “shortage of job resources”.
The first theme was summarized into the following four categories: excessive workload and work intensity, complex and difficult work demands, hazardous work environment, and role- and relationship-related conflicts. The second theme was summarized into the following five categories: inadequate staffing, insufficient education and training, lack of support system, poor monetary compensation, and low internal compensation.
Conclusion: The occupational stress factors of Korean hospital nurses can be summarized as excessive job demands and a lack job resources.
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Purpose The purpose of this study was to construct and test a hypothetical model based on the Incivility Spiral model for identifying the factors of workplace incivility of nurses and determining if incivility evolve to bullying.
Methods: The data were collected from nurses working at 9 hospitals in Seoul, Gyeonggi, Daejeon, Changwon, and Busan province from July 1 to August 15, 2019, using structured questionnaires. Finally, the data from 274 nurses were analyzed.
Results: The goodness-of-fit of the hypothetical model was at a good level and 10 out of 13 hypotheses were supported. The workplace incivility was both directly and indirectly affected by anger tendency, leadership of head nurses, and communication competence and directly affected by civility culture. Each of the variables affecting workplace incivility was also found to be a significant factor indirectly affecting workplace bullying and workplace incivility was a factor directly affected on workplace bullying. The variables in this study accounted for 57% of workplace incivility and 65% of workplace bullying.
Conclusion: In order to prevent workplace bullying, it is important to initially manage workplace incivility, and for this, clear standards and policies for workplace incivility should be prepared and utilized.
Purpose This study aimed to identify the occupational performance and development needs, and specifically the priority needs, of general hospital nurses according to their career levels so as to help create an effective nursing management competency development program.
Methods: This is a cross-sectional study conducted with 203 nurses working at three advanced general hospitals in G metropolitan city and C province. The participants completed a questionnaire about behavioral indicators which measured their nursing management performance and development needs. Their career levels were divided into four. Data were analyzed using t-test, ANOVA, Borich need, and the Locus for Focus model.
Results: The mean levels of nursing management performance and competency development needs were 2.78±0.75 and 4.07±0.58, respectively. There was a significant difference in nursing management performance and development needs according to career level (F=6.18, p<.001, F=12.35, p<.001). Priority need analysis showed that level 1, level 2, level 3, level 4 nurses had higher demands for self-development and adaptation to new changes/organization/nursing work performance and information management role/creativity development, respectively.
Conclusion: The findings provide a basis for training systems that differentiate between contents and degrees of nursing management competency based on career level to develop nursing human resources.
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Purpose This study aimed to examine the validity and reliability of the Korean version of the Nurse-Nurse Collaboration Behavior Scale developed by Liao et al (K-NNCBS).
Methods: Data were collected through an online survey, of 258 nurses working in general or tertiary hospitals. We translated the NNCBS into Korean and evaluated it through content validity, criterion validity, reliability, and confirmatory factor analyses.
Results: The factor loading of the 23 items belonging to the four domains ranged from .40 to -.87. The confirmatory factor analysis supported a good model fit (χ2 =578.56, p<.001, CFI=.83, RMSEA=.08, SRMR=.07). Regarding criterion validity, the K-NNCBS was positively correlated with communication competence (r=.54) and negatively correlated with task conflict (r=-.22) and relationship conflict (r=-.29). Cronbach's ⍺ for K-NNCBS rated on a five-point Likert scale was .90.
Conclusion: These findings show that the K-NNCBS is valid and reliable. This scale can be used to measure the collaboration behaviors among nurses in Korea.
Purpose This study aimed to identify factors affecting nursing students’ willingness to report medical errors.
Methods: A cross-sectional design was used, and 175 senior nursing students answered a web-based questionnaire that included ‘attitude and knowledge towards medical error reporting’, ‘ethical sensitivity’, ‘systems thinking’, and ‘willingness to report medical errors’. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson’s correlation coefficients, and multiple linear regressions with the SPSS/WIN 25.0 program.
Results: Participants’ attitude and knowledge toward medical error-reporting were 3.45, and 3.00, respectively. Their ethical sensitivity was 4.15, and systems thinking was 3.89. Factors significantly affecting willingness to report adverse events included systems thinking, medical error-reporting attitude, and ethical sensitivity, and these variables accounted for 34.3% (F=23.73, p<.001). Factors significantly affecting willingness to report near misses included medical error-reporting attitude, which accounted for 11.5% (F=6.68, p<.001).
Conclusion: Increasing nursing students’ willingness to report medical errors requires integrated education to improve their attitude and knowledge of medical error reporting, ethical sensitivity, and systems thinking.
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Purpose This study aimed to identify the mediating effects of team trust on the relationship between the authentic leadership of the nursing unit manager as perceived by the nurses and the nurses’ organizational citizenship behavior (OCB).
Methods: Data were collected from 276 nurses working over six months at a university hospital. The research model was designed based on the PROCESS Macro model 4 and analyzed using the SPSS 26.0 program.
Results: The results show that authentic leadership and team trust had strong correlations with nurses’ organizational citizenship behavior. Nursing unit managers’ authentic leadership had a direct effect on team trust and organizational citizenship behavior. Team trust had a direct effect on organizational citizenship behavior. There was a mediation effect of team trust between authentic leadership and the organizational citizenship behavior of nurses.
Conclusion: To increase team trust in nursing units, the institution should provide systematic support such as education and training program to enhance the authentic leadership of nursing unit managers.
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Purpose This study aimed to explore the nursing management experience of Korean nurse managers during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic.
Methods: This exploratory qualitative study used individual semi-structured interviews. Data were collected from 10 nurse managers working in tertiary general hospitals in Korea from October 2020 to September 2021. Thematic analysis methods were employed to analyze interview transcripts.
Results: The following four themes were derived: difficulty due to an unexpected and sudden disaster, being the center with a sense of calling and responding resolutely, gratitude toward health workers who work and endure together, and striving and rising to the challenge of preparing for future infection.
Conclusion: During the COVID-19 pandemic, Korean nurse managers made an effort to overcome the crisis based on the sense of calling, despite many changes and challenges. Furthermore, managers expressed their gratitude to the department members working together, and they confirmed the need for system improvement to prepare for upcoming epidemics.
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Purpose This study was to identify how a nursing management practicum was operated during the COVID-19 pandemic in Korea.
Methods: This study surveyed instructors teaching the nursing management practicum with a questionnaire covering five domains and 42 items. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and content analysis.
Results: The practicum was performed mainly by mixed methods (40.8% and 38.5%), in hospitals only (30.8% and 60.4%), online only (19.8% and 1.1%) in 2020 and 2021, respectively. The mixed methods were most frequently used for instructor teaching and conferences (43.9% and 58.3%). and the average teaching time per week was 9.40 and 8.69 hours per week, respectively. Taking charge in one to three core nursing skill items, 87.8% and 90.1% of the respondents each year performed face to face evaluation for the skills. Four to six out of 12 POs were covered by 58.2% and 54.9% of the participants, respectively, in 2020 and 2021. The greatest difficulty under the pandemic was securing students’ hospital assignments.
Conclusion: The nursing management practicum needs to adopt various digital technologies, and create new education models including hybrid ones combining both contact and untact methods to improve the educational effect for the post COVID-19 era.
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