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"Culture"

Original Articles
Purpose
This study examined factors influencing patient safety nursing activities in integrated nursing care units. Methods: A survey was conducted with 134 nurses from hospitals (100~300 beds) in Busan using self-administered questionnaires (August 17–September 15, 2024). Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation, and multiple regression analysis. Results: The mean score for patient safety nursing activities was 4.31±0.55. Positive correlations were found with grit, teamwork, communication, and patient safety culture awareness. The predictor variables explained 46.0% of the variance in patient safety nursing activities. Significant factors included communication (β=.31, p=.032) and leadership (β=.29, p=.035) within teamwork, incident reporting frequency (β=.24, p<.001) within patient safety culture awareness, and experience in patient safety education (β=.17, p=.018). Conclusion: The findings of this study highlight the importance of enhancing teamwork, particularly in leadership and communication, and creating a safety culture that promotes incident reporting and education to strengthen patient safety nursing practices. Improving patient safety training, developing systematic evaluation and feedback mechanisms, and establishing structured support systems through campaigns and workshops will boost staff involvement and elevate the quality of patient safety practices.
  • 1,932 View
  • 169 Download
Purpose
This study aimed to identify factors influencing communication competence among hospital nurses. Methods: The participants were 136 nurses working at five general or tertiary hospitals with over 100 beds in Busan, Ulsan, and Geoje Island. Data were collected using structured self-report online questionnaires from July 18 to August 31, 2023. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, the t-test, one-way analysis of variance, the Scheffé test, Pearson's correlation coefficients, and stepwise regression analysis using IBM SPSS version 25.0. Results: Self-awareness (β=.43, p<.001), a relationship-oriented organizational culture (β=.34, p<.001), working in a surgical ward (β=.19, p=.003), communication efficacy (β=.17, p=.011), hierarchy-oriented organizational culture (β=.16, p=.011), and working in a special unit (β=-.14, p=.023) were factors that significantly influenced nurses' communication competence. The model explained 52% of the variance in communication competence (F=28.43, p<.001) Conclusion: To improve communication competence in hospital nurses, healthcare institutions should provide learning opportunities to improve nurses’ self-awareness and communication efficacy. It is also essential to establish rules and order within a hierarchy-oriented organizational culture, while simultaneously promoting a relationship-oriented organizational culture based on trust and respect among colleagues.
  • 1,998 View
  • 147 Download
Purpose
This study aims to identify the moderating effect of nursing organizational culture on the relationship between resilience and clinical competence among new graduate nurses.
Methods
A survey was conducted from March 14 to July 14, 2023, targeting 210 new nurses with 3 to 12 months of experience, working in three general hospitals in Seoul and Gyeonggi-do. Data from 193 respondents were analyzed using descriptive statistics, correlation, and hierarchical regression.
Results
The resilience of new graduate nurses was moderate and their clinical competence was rated as good. They perceived a strong hierarchy-oriented culture, followed by a relationship-oriented culture, an innovation-oriented culture, and lastly, a task-oriented culture. Clinical competence was higher with greater resilience (β=.40, p<.001) and stronger perception of hierarchy-oriented culture (β=.16, p=.013). The interaction between resilience and innovation-oriented culture (β=.22, p=.012) was statistically significant, indicating that the effect of resilience on clinical competence was significantly higher when the innovation-oriented culture was strongly perceived.
Conclusion
To improve the clinical competence of new graduate nurses, it is essential to enhance their personal resilience and, at an organizational level, to strengthen the positive aspects of hierarchy-oriented and innovation-oriented cultures.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Resilience and Social Support Protect Nurses from Anxiety and Depressive Symptoms: Evidence from a Cross-Sectional Study in the Post-COVID-19 Era
    Aglaia Katsiroumpa, Ioannis Moisoglou, Ioanna V. Papathanasiou, Maria Malliarou, Pavlos Sarafis, Parisis Gallos, Olympia Konstantakopoulou, Fotios Rizos, Petros Galanis
    Healthcare.2025; 13(6): 582.     CrossRef
  • 1,938 View
  • 114 Download
  • 1 Crossref
Purpose
This study identified the influence of self-leadership, managers’ authentic leadership, and nurses’ organizational culture relationships on hospital nurses‘organizational silence.
Methods
An explanatory sequential mixed-method study was conducted. For the quantitative portion, 138 nurses from seven hospitals participated. For the qualitative portion, ten nurses with high organizational silence scores were interviewed. Quantitative data were analyzed with SPSS/WIN 26.0. Qualitative data were analyzed by content analysis using NVivo 12.0.
Results
Quantitative results indicated that self-expectations and a relation-oriented culture explained 14.0% of the variance in acquiescent silence. The combined effect of rehearsal, constructive thought, and relational transparency associated with managers’ authentic leadership on prosocial silence was 15.0%. Qualitative results revealed eight primary themes related to organizational silence: 1) being unable to voice my opinion because I feel insignificant, 2) things that middle managers cannot say, 3) earnest managers, 4) receptive managers, 5) indifferent managers, 6) feeling of camaraderie, 7) selective silence based on performance, and 8) mandatory following of directives.
Conclusion
Programs to improve managers’ leadership skills and reduce hospital nurses’ organizational silence should be implemented consistently. Hospitals should strive to foster a positive and equitable organizational culture.
  • 612 View
  • 62 Download
Purpose
This study aimed to identify the factors influencing nurses’ perceptions of the disclosure of patient safety incidents in tertiary hospitals.
Methods
As a descriptive study, data were collected from 315 nurses working in two tertiary hospitals in Busan via structured self-report questionnaires from June 28 to September 3, 2023, through an online survey. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson’s correlation coefficients, and hierarchical regression analysis with SPSS/WIN 27.0.
Results
Analysis was conducted by controlling for the characteristics of the study participants, which revealed significant differences in their perceptions of the disclosure of patient safety incidents. Ethical nursing competence (β=.30, p<.001) and patient safety culture (β=.15, p=.012) were significant influencing factors on the perception of such disclosure, and the explanatory power of the regression model was 21.0% (F=14.63, p<.001).
Conclusion
To enhance the aforementioned perception among nurses in tertiary hospitals, healthcare institutions should provide learning opportunities to improve their ethical nursing competence. Fostering an organizational culture that promotes and encourages open disclosure of patient safety incidents is also essential.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Impact of Nursing Professionalism, Ethical Sensitivity, and the Clinical Learning Environment on Nursing Students' Intention to Report Near Misses and Adverse Events
    Sookhee Yoon, Ha-Young Park
    Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing.2025; 32(2): 209.     CrossRef
  • Factors Influencing End-of-life Care Competency in Nursing Students
    Jinryung Park, Minjeong Seo
    Korean Journal of Medical Ethics.2024; 27(4): 267.     CrossRef
  • 3,328 View
  • 101 Download
  • 2 Crossref
Purpose
Nursing care activities for patient safety are important to prevent accidents. This study aimed to examine the association between nurses’ perception of patient safety culture, willingness to report near misses, critical thinking disposition, and nursing care activities for patient safety.
Methods
In this cross-sectional study, data were obtained from online surveys conducted with 201 ward nurses. An independent t-test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson’s correlation coefficient test, and multiple linear regression analysis were performed using IBM SPSS/WIN 21.0.
Results
Perceptions of patient safety culture, willingness to report near misses, critical thinking disposition, and nursing activities for patient safety were all correlated with each other. According to the regression model, significant factors influencing nursing care activities for patient safety were medical ward (β=-.28, p=.010), critical thinking disposition (β=.27, p<.001), willingness to report near misses (β=.19, p=.004), perceptions of patient safety culture (β=.19, p=.007), and work experience (β=-.18, p=.016).
Conclusion
Improving nurses’ perceptions of patient safety culture, promoting the reporting of near misses, and strengthening nurses' critical thinking dispositions can foster patient-safety nursing care activities. Additionally, a tailored patient safety education program that considers nursing work experience may be appropriate for patient-safety nursing care activities.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Impact of Grit, Teamwork, Organizational Communication Competence, Perception of Patient Safety Culture on Patient Safety Nursing Activities in Integrated Nursing Care Units
    Jeeseon Kim, Haejung Lee
    Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration.2025; 31(3): 237.     CrossRef
  • 3,045 View
  • 147 Download
  • 1 Crossref
Purpose
This study aimed to identify the effects of professional self-concept and nursing organizational culture on the intention of retention of older nurses over 40 years old by examining the relationships between such variables.
Methods
Middle-aged nurses who were currently involved in direct patient care and had at least one year of clinical experience were recruited from general hospitals. The questionnaires were administered to 137 middle-aged nurses in September 2022.
Results
The mean age of participants were 44.7±3.5 years, and more than 90% were married female nurses. The professional self-concept (β=.34, p<.001), work-life balance (β=.24, p=.007), satisfaction of work environment (β=.19, p=.024) significantly predicted the nurses’ intention of retention at work.
Conclusions
Based on these findings, nursing interventions enhancing professional self-concept are needed to increase middle-aged nurses’ intention of retention. The introduction of flexible work hour systems that improve nurses' satisfaction of working environments is also essential to increase the intention of retention in middle-aged nurses.
  • 1,135 View
  • 52 Download
Purpose
This study used a structural model to identify organizational characteristics, such as work environment, nursing organizational culture, and manager leadership of general hospital nurses, and to examine the effect of organizational characteristics on turnover intention through organizational silence.
Methods
Data were collected from July 1, 2017 to August 30, 2017, using structured questionnaires. Participants were nurses in general hospitals with more than 250 beds and less than 500 beds in Busan City and Gyeongsangnam Province. The collected data were analyzed using IBM SPSS 23.0 and AMOS 23.0.
Results
The nursing work environment, external employment opportunities, relationship-oriented culture, and acquiescent and defensive silence directly impacted turnover intention. Additionally, the nursing work environment and external employment opportunities indirectly affected turnover intention through acquiescent silence.
Conclusion
To lower general hospital nurses’ turnover intention, the external environment should be reviewed and continuously compared to provide a better internal nursing work environment. In addition, it is necessary to find a way to lower the acquiescent silence, which can negatively affect the organization, by creating a relationship-oriented culture that emphasizes the relationship between members.
  • 1,203 View
  • 43 Download
Influences of Organizational Culture, Nursing Workplace Spirituality, and Nurses’ Perceived Health Status on Quality of Nursing Work Life according to Nursing Clinical Ladder
Hyun Sook Lee, Ju Hyun Jin, Ju Ri Lee, Hye Jin Kim, Yeon Jae Jung
J Korean Acad Nurs Adm 2024;30(1):31-41.   Published online January 31, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.11111/jkana.2024.30.1.31
Purpose
This study aimed to examine the influence of nursing organizational culture, nursing workplace spirituality, and nurses’ perceived health status on quality of nursing work life according to nursing clinical ladder at a tertiary hospital.
Methods
Participants were nurses working at a tertiary hospital in D city, and a total of 352 participants were recruited according to four stages of clinical experience: novice stage (below 1 year), advanced beginner stage (2~3 years), competent stage (4~6 years), and proficiency stage (above 7 years). Data were collected from February 7-February 16, and analyzed using descriptive statistics, one-way ANOVA, Scheffe test, and Multiple regression.
Results
There was statistically significant correlation between innovation-oriented nursing organizational culture, nursing workplace spirituality, nurses’ perceived health status and quality of nursing work life. In all clinical ladder stages, nursing work spirituality and nurses’ perceived health status were factors influencing the quality of nursing work life; innovation-oriented nursing organizational culture was an influencing factor in the novice, advanced beginner, and competent stage, but not the proficient stage.
Conclusion
To improve the quality of nursing work life, it is necessary to develop and apply practical programs that reflect nurses’ characteristics at each clinical ladder stage.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Factors influencing quality of life among married nurses with children in Korea: a cross-sectional survey
    Yun Mi Kim
    Women's Health Nursing.2025; 31(3): 279.     CrossRef
  • Cluster of Speaking‐Up Behavior in Clinical Nurses and Its Association With Nursing Organizational Culture, Teamwork, and Working Condition: A Cross‐Sectional Study
    Eunhee Lee, Hyunjeong Kwon, Miyuki Takase
    Journal of Nursing Management.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • 1,034 View
  • 29 Download
  • 2 Crossref
Purpose
This study investigated the mediating effect of patient participation culture in the relationship between ethical leadership and performance in patient-engaged nursing services.
Methods
This study employed a cross-sectional descriptive online survey design. The sample comprised 104 nurses from small- and middle-sized Korean hospitals. Data were collected between May 10 and September 10, 2019 using the Smart Patient Engagement Assessment Checklist, Korean versions of the Patient Participation Culture Tool for healthcare workers, the Ethical Leadership Scale, and a questionnaire about nurses' demographic and work characteristics. A mediation analysis was conducted using multiple regression and a simple model applying the PROCESS macro using SPSS/WINdows software version 26.0.
Results
Ethical leadership directly affected (c'=0.28, p<.001) performance in patient-engaged nursing services. Patient participation culture partially mediated the relationship between ethical leadership and performance in patient-engaged nursing services (a ․ b=0.51×0.20=0.10, 95% Boot CI=0.18~0.20).
Conclusion
Optimizing the patient participation culture and adherence to ethical leadership among hospital administrators and managers can improve nurses' performance in patient-engaged nursing services. Nurse managers' ethical leadership should be strengthened, and patient participation culture should be encouraged at policy levels through systematic nurse education on patient safety and engagement to enhance performance-engaged nursing services.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Characteristics of Leadership Competency in Nurse Managers: A Scoping Review
    Silvia Perez-Gonzalez, Pilar Marques-Sanchez, Arrate Pinto-Carral, Alberto Gonzalez-Garcia, Cristina Liebana-Presa, Carmen Benavides, Ruishuang Zheng
    Journal of Nursing Management.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • 1,369 View
  • 31 Download
  • 1 Crossref
Purpose
This study examined hospital nurses’ perception of work-life balance, nursing work environment, nursing organizational culture, and job satisfaction before turnover, and compared differences in variables between current clinical nurses and non-clinical nurses.
Methods
This descriptive study involved 172 nurses with over six months experience, who changed jobs within the last 5 years in G Province. Data were collected from September 5th-22nd, 2022, and analyzed through independent t-test, one-way ANOVA, and Pearson correlation coefficient using SPSS/WIN 25.0 program.
Results
Total work-life balance (t=3.85, p<.001), work-family balance (t=4.79, p<.001), work-leisure balance (t=2.96, p=.004), work-growth balance (t=3.01, p=.003), and overall work-life balance (t=2.95, p=.004) in work-life balance, the role of professionalism (r=2.05, p=.042) and interpersonal relationships (t=2.59, p=.011) in job satisfaction, the relationship-oriented nursing organizational culture (t=2.68, p=.008), and the nurse-doctor relationship within the nursing work environment (t=2.51, p=.013) were all significantly higher among current clinical nurses than non-clinical nurses.
Conclusion
Hospital-level interventions should be established and implemented to improve work-life balance, the relationship-oriented nursing organizational culture, and job satisfaction through interprofessional relationships to retain hospital nurses.
  • 1,296 View
  • 68 Download
Purpose
This study’s purpose is to examine the effects of nurses' incident reporting attitudes, their perceptions of importance of patient safety management, and patient safety culture on reporting patient safety events.
Methods
We used a cross-sectional design with a convenience sample of 192 nurses with more than three months clinical experience from five provincial hospitals. The data were collected through an online structured self-report questionnaire from September 25 to October 15, 2022. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficients, and stepwise multiple regression.
Results
The most important influencing factors for the level of patient safety event reporting were perceptions of the importance of patient safety management (β=.24, p=.005), followed by patient safety culture (β=.23, p=.019), incident reporting attitude (β=.18, p=.016), and near miss reporting experience (β=.14, p=.022). The explanatory power of the model was 33%.
Conclusion
To increase the level of patient safety incident reporting, differentiated education and standardized work procedures are needed. Also, it is necessary to prepare policies that revitalize patient safety reporting systems at medical institutions as measures to prevent patient safety accidents and recurrences.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Patient safety management activities and perceived workload of shift‐work nurses, moderated by the perceived importance of patient safety management
    Kyung Jin Hong
    International Nursing Review.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Predictors of Nurses' Reporting Level by the Types of Patient Safety Incidents
    Ju-Hee Kang, Yeojin Yi
    Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration.2025; 31(4): 434.     CrossRef
  • Relationship between nurses’ critical thinking disposition and patient safety incident reporting: The mediating role of patient safety culture in a comprehensive nursing service ward
    Nam-Yi Kim, Sung-Jung Kwak, Ayman Mohamed El-Ashry
    PLOS ONE.2024; 19(12): e0315679.     CrossRef
  • Impacts of Just Culture on Perioperative Nurses' Attitudes and Behaviors With Regard to Patient Safety Incident Reporting: Cross-Sectional Nationwide Survey
    Nara Han, Seok Hee Jeong, Myung Ha Lee, Hee Sun Kim
    Asian Nursing Research.2024; 18(4): 323.     CrossRef
  • Associations of perceptions of patient safety culture, job crafting, and perceptions of patient rounding with patient safety management activities among tertiary hospital nurses
    Saet-Byeol Kim, Yun-Hee Kim
    Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science.2024; 26(3): 259.     CrossRef
  • 2,154 View
  • 106 Download
  • 5 Crossref
Purpose
This study aimed to identify the impact of nursing organizational culture and nursing practice environment on generational conflict in organization among hospital nurses. Methods: This study utilized a cross-sectional design. The participants consisted of 214 nurses working at two tertiary general hospitals, which were located in B city. Data were collected from January 15 to January 31, 2022, using self-report questionnaires. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, one-way ANOVA, independent t-test, Pearson's correlation coefficient and multiple regression analysis using IBM/SPSS 28.0 for Windows. Results: The mean generational conflict in organization was 2.60±0.74 points on a 5-point scale. Multiple regression indicated that the factors influencing generational conflict in organization included relation-oriented nursing organizational culture (β=-.29, p<.001), hierarch-oriented nursing organizational culture (β=-.29, p<.001), hierarch-oriented nursing organizational culture (β=.17, p=.006) and clinical career, and these variables explained 23.0% of generational conflict in organization. Conclusion: The findings of this study suggest that it is necessary to improve relation-oriented nursing organizational culture and avoid hierarch-oriented nursing organizational culture to decrease generational conflict in organization.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Influence of Self-awareness, Communication Efficacy, Empathy, and Nursing Organizational Culture on Communication Competence among Hospital Nurses
    Sunhee Jung, Sunyoung Jung
    Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration.2025; 31(3): 280.     CrossRef
  • Effects of Organizational Cynicism and Socialization on Nurses’ Job Burnout: A Career‐Stage‐Based Analysis
    Hee Jin Kim, Hae Jeong An, Soo-hyun Nam, Jungmin Lee, Maria Engström
    Journal of Nursing Management.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Determinants of Standard Precautions Performance Among Nursing Students in South Korea: A Cross-Sectional Study
    Se Gyeong Jeon, Eun Jung Kim
    Healthcare.2025; 13(21): 2803.     CrossRef
  • The Effect of Work Value, Psychological Ownership and Nursing Working Environment on Intention of Retention in Hospital Nurses
    Ji Hey Kim, Yoon Ju Cho, So Eun Jang
    Journal of Korean Critical Care Nursing.2023; 16(3): 62.     CrossRef
  • Effects of Nursing Competence on Job Satisfaction across Career Stages
    Eun Young Oh, Mi Won Kim, Heon Ju Yoo, Seung Hee Choi, Sa Rang Lee, Chung Sook Kim
    Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration.2023; 29(3): 258.     CrossRef
  • Workplace bullying among Korean registered nurses: A meta-aggregation of qualitative studies
    Eun-Jun Park, Hyunwook Kang, Ji Woon Ko
    The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education.2023; 29(4): 450.     CrossRef
  • 2,440 View
  • 123 Download
  • 6 Crossref
Purpose
This study aimed to investigate the influence of role conflict, head nurses’ super leadership and nursing organizational culture on organizational commitment among male nurses. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 221 male nurses who had worked for more than six months in university hospitals, general hospitals, and clinics. Data were collected using structured, self-administered questionnaires on role conflict, head nurse super leadership, nursing organizational culture, and organizational commitment. The data obtained were analyzed using descriptive analysis, independent t-test, analysis of variance, Scheffé test, Pearson’s correlation coefficients, and regression analysis. Results: Organizational commitment had a significant positive correlation with head nurse super leadership, innovation-oriented culture, and relation-oriented culture; however, it had a significant negative correlation with role conflict and task-oriented culture. Among the general characteristics, the significant factors influencing organizational commitment among male nurses were number of beds and departments. Furthermore, among the main variables, innovation-oriented culture, task-oriented culture, role conflict, and head nurse super leadership influenced organizational commitment. Conclusion: To increase male nurses’ organizational commitment, it is necessary to create an innovative organizational culture, reduce role conflicts, and improve head nurse super leadership.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Organizational Culture and Resulting Leadership Behaviors: Empirical Evidence from Social Workers in Kuwait
    Hamad Adel Alaslawi
    Human Service Organizations: Management, Leadership & Governance.2024; 48(5): 582.     CrossRef
  • “I’d Rather Do It Single-Handed”—Nursing Students’ Struggles with Group Assignments: A Qualitative Study
    Aimei Mao, Pak-Leng Cheong, Iat-Kio Van, Hon-Lon Tam
    Education Sciences.2023; 13(10): 1053.     CrossRef
  • 1,835 View
  • 45 Download
  • 2 Crossref
Structural Equation Modeling on Workplace Incivility of Nurses: Evolution to Bullying
Seo In Kim, Soukyoung Kim
J Korean Acad Nurs Adm 2022;28(4):406-416.   Published online September 30, 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.11111/jkana.2022.28.4.406
Purpose
The purpose of this study was to construct and test a hypothetical model based on the Incivility Spiral model for identifying the factors of workplace incivility of nurses and determining if incivility evolve to bullying. Methods: The data were collected from nurses working at 9 hospitals in Seoul, Gyeonggi, Daejeon, Changwon, and Busan province from July 1 to August 15, 2019, using structured questionnaires. Finally, the data from 274 nurses were analyzed. Results: The goodness-of-fit of the hypothetical model was at a good level and 10 out of 13 hypotheses were supported. The workplace incivility was both directly and indirectly affected by anger tendency, leadership of head nurses, and communication competence and directly affected by civility culture. Each of the variables affecting workplace incivility was also found to be a significant factor indirectly affecting workplace bullying and workplace incivility was a factor directly affected on workplace bullying. The variables in this study accounted for 57% of workplace incivility and 65% of workplace bullying. Conclusion: In order to prevent workplace bullying, it is important to initially manage workplace incivility, and for this, clear standards and policies for workplace incivility should be prepared and utilized.
  • 528 View
  • 21 Download
Purpose
This study aimed to examine the association of job crafting and perception of patient safety culture with patient safety management activities among hospital nurses. Methods: This study used a questionnaire that contained the scales of Job Crafting, Patient Safety Culture, and Patient Safety Management Activities. The participants were 211 nurses from two hospitals. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, correlations and simultaneous multiple regression. Results: The mean scores of the variables were as follows: job crafting, 3.42 out of 5; perception of patient safety culture, 3.77 out of 5; and patient safety management activities, 4.30 out of 5. The items ‘using professional autonomy’ of job crafting and ‘patient safety knowledge/attitude’ and ‘teamwork’ of patient safety culture were associated with the patient safety management activities among nurses. Conclusion: Nurses’ patient safety knowledge and attitude of striving for patient safety influenced nurses’ patient safety management activities. To enhance nurses’ patient safety knowledge and attitude, hospitals should develop continuously provide education programs. Nurse managers need to strive for supportive teamwork and encourage adherence to patient safety rules. For nurses’ patient safety management activities, nurse education should highlight nursing as a profession that entails autonomous nursing care, which includes responsibility for patient safety.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Associations of perceptions of patient safety culture, job crafting, and perceptions of patient rounding with patient safety management activities among tertiary hospital nurses
    Saet-Byeol Kim, Yun-Hee Kim
    Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science.2024; 26(3): 259.     CrossRef
  • Importance-Performance Analysis of Patient-Safety Nursing in the Operating Room: A Cross-Sectional Study
    Jieun Shin, Nam-Yi Kim
    Risk Management and Healthcare Policy.2024; Volume 17: 715.     CrossRef
  • Effects of Nurse-Nurse Collaboration and Nurse-Physician Collaboration on Nursing Performance in Nurses: The Mediating Effect of Patient Safety Management Activities
    JaHyun Kim, Seok Hee Jeong, Hee Sun Kim, Sunmi Kim
    Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration.2024; 30(4): 343.     CrossRef
  • Effects of Patient Safety Management System, Leadership, and Communication Types on Nurse’ Patient Safety Management Activities
    Eunji Lee, Haejung Lee
    Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration.2024; 30(4): 367.     CrossRef
  • 743 View
  • 25 Download
  • 4 Crossref
Purpose
This study is a descriptive research study conducted for the perioperative nurses of operating room to strengthen their capacity for patient safety and use them as basic data for sustainable surgical nursing practice education. Methods: This study adopted a cross-sectional survey design using a self-report questionnaire. Data were collected from January 25 to February 15, 2019 from 142 nurses in the operating rooms of four university hospitals in Seoul and Gyeonggi Province. For data analysis, mean, standard deviation, frequency, percentage, independent t-test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson's Correlation Coefficient, and hierarchical multiple regression analysis were used using SPSS version 24.0. Results: The variables affecting the patient safety management activities of the subjects were operating room safety management education experience (once or more in 3 months) (β=.15, p=.034), perception of patient safety atmosphere (β=.23, p=.022), and safety control (β=.46, p<.001), and the total explanatory power of these variables was 39% (Adjusted R 2 =.39, F=6.41, p<.001). Conclusion: It was found that for positive patient safety management activities of perioperative nurses, it is necessary to develop and apply an operating room safety management education program that includes patient safety atmosphere awareness and safety control as components.

Citations

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  • The Impact of the Nursing Professionalism and Triage Competency of Emergency Department Nurses on Disaster Nursing Competency
    Hyo Jin Im, Ju Young Ha
    Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing.2025; 39(1): 19.     CrossRef
  • Factors affecting pediatric nurses’ development of partnerships with parents of hospitalized children: An evaluation based on the stress-coping adaptation model
    In Young Cho, So Hyoung Hong, Ji Yeong Yun
    Journal of Child Health Care.2025; 29(1): 53.     CrossRef
  • Acuquisition of Professional Nursing Intuition: A Grounded Theory Approach
    Hwa-Young Ahn, Sung-Bok Kwon
    Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration.2025; 31(1): 1.     CrossRef
  • Factors Influencing the Safety Nursing Activities of Emergency Department Nurses
    Hyo Seon Pae, Eun Ji Seo
    Journal of Korean Critical Care Nursing.2025; 18(2): 54.     CrossRef
  • Development and Evaluation of a “Speak-Up” Program for Patient Safety: A Virtual Reality-Based Intervention for Nursing Students
    Jeong Hee Jeong, Mi Jin Kim
    Healthcare.2025; 13(22): 2860.     CrossRef
  • The Safety Climate and Patient Safety Activities in Mental Health Nurses: The Mediating Effect of Safety Control
    Jiyeong No, Kyoungsook Lee
    Healthcare.2024; 12(12): 1181.     CrossRef
  • Effects of Patient Safety Management System, Leadership, and Communication Types on Nurse’ Patient Safety Management Activities
    Eunji Lee, Haejung Lee
    Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration.2024; 30(4): 367.     CrossRef
  • Effect of Counting Error Prevention Training on Operating Room Nurses’ Counting Error Prevention Awareness and Perceptions of Patient Safety
    Myung Jin JANG, Mi Kyung HONG, Mi Jeong LEE, Kyung A LEE, Yang Ok KIM, Jin A JEON, Hana KO
    Korean Journal of Health Promotion.2024; 24(1): 20.     CrossRef
  • Factors Related to the Severity of Patient Safety Incidents in Operating Rooms in South Korea
    Minjung Ryu, Jun Su Park, Bomgyeol Kim, Suk-Yong Jang, Sang Gyu Lee, Tae Hyun Kim
    Health Insurance Review & Assessment Service Research.2024; 4(2): 149.     CrossRef
  • Importance-Performance Analysis of Patient-Safety Nursing in the Operating Room: A Cross-Sectional Study
    Jieun Shin, Nam-Yi Kim
    Risk Management and Healthcare Policy.2024; Volume 17: 715.     CrossRef
  • Effect of Leader-Member Exchange on Patient Safety Culture in Perioperative Nurses: The Mediating Role of Organizational Silence
    Nayeop Lee, Yoonju Lee
    Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration.2024; 30(5): 462.     CrossRef
  • Effects of Grit, Patient Safety Competence, and Patient Safety Culture on the Patient Safety Nursing Activities of Nurses in Comprehensive Nursing Service Wards
    Ji Hyun Kim, Haena Jang
    Journal of Korean Critical Care Nursing.2024; 17(3): 62.     CrossRef
  • The Effects of Patient Safety Culture Perception and Safety Control on the Patient Safety Management Activities of Psychiatric Ward Nurses
    Dea-Gyu Park, Hyo-Ja An
    Journal of Korean Academy of psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing.2023; 32(2): 138.     CrossRef
  • Effects of Self-leadership, Professional Self-concept, Emotional Labor on Professional Quality of Life in Hospital Nurses
    Yu-Yeong Kyun, Mi-Aie Lee
    Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration.2020; 26(5): 447.     CrossRef
  • Specialty satisfaction, positive psychological capital, and nursing professional values in nursing students: A cross-sectional survey
    Chung Hee Woo, Ju Young Park
    Nurse Education Today.2017; 57: 24.     CrossRef
  • Effects of a Refresher Program for Inactive Nurses on Nursing Professionalism and Nursing Clinical Self-Efficacy
    Mi Ra Han, Smi Choi-Kwon
    Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration.2011; 17(1): 44.     CrossRef
  • An international comparison of Korean and Chinese nursing students with nursing curricula and educational outcomes
    Hyang-Yeon Lee, YoonHee Kim, HyunSook Kang, Xiuzhen Fan, Min Ling, Qiuhuan Yuan, Jia Lee
    Nurse Education Today.2011; 31(5): 450.     CrossRef
  • 954 View
  • 68 Download
  • 17 Crossref
The Relationship between Nurse-Perceived Patient Safety Culture and Patient Safety
Hyunju Ji, Seung Eun Lee
J Korean Acad Nurs Adm 2022;28(3):190-199.   Published online June 30, 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.11111/jkana.2022.28.3.190
Purpose
To examine the relationship between nurse-perceived patient safety culture and patient safety grade in healthcare organizations. Methods: A cross-sectional, correlational study design was used. An online survey was conducted with nurses in three tertiary hospitals in Korea who provided direct care to patients. Data were analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficients and ordinal logistic regression. Results: A total of 526 nurses completed the questionnaire. Among patient safety culture dimensions, staffing and work pace, reporting patient safety events, hospital management support for patient safety, handoffs and information exchange, organizational learningcontinuous improvement, and unit manager support for patient safety were significant predictors for patient safety grade. Conclusion: Efforts should be made to create and enhance patient safety culture in healthcare organizations. This study showed that staffing and work pace were the strongest predictors of patient safety grade, indicating that adequate nurse staffing is important to handle workloads and improve patient safety. Our study also demonstrated the importance of hospital management and unit manager support for patient safety. Therefore, we suggest developing a leadership program for hospital administrators and unit managers, to help them develop the necessary leadership skills for creating a culture of safety in healthcare organizations.

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    Won Hee Sim
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Factors Influencing Safety Nursing Activities of Nurses at a Nationally Designated Infectious Disease Hospital
Sung Ae Choi, Ju Young Park
J Korean Acad Nurs Adm 2022;28(1):20-30.   Published online January 31, 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.11111/jkana.2022.28.1.20
Purpose
This study investigated patient safety culture, safety knowledge, incident reporting attitude, and safety nursing activities, and determined the factors influencing nurses’ safety nursing activities at a nationally designated infectious disease hospital. Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive survey was conducted with 169 nurses. Data analysis, including descriptive statistics, independent t-tests, one-way ANOVA, Pearson’s correlations, and hierarchical multiple regression analysis, were performed using SPSS 26.0. Results: Factors influencing safety nursing activities included patient safety culture (β=.26, t=2.39, p=.018), safety knowledge (β=.25, t=2.67, p=.009), and mild severity (β=.17, t=2.52, p=.013). These variables explained 31.0% of the safety nursing activities. Conclusion: Therefore, it is necessary to establish an organizational culture that emphasizes patient safety by establishing safety management regulations for quarantined patients and provision of education on patient safety for employees to empower them to respond to emerging infectious diseases. Additionally, it is essential to operate given the patient’s severity and to increase knowledge about patient safety through regular education based on quarantine facilities and environmental management regulations.

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Factors Affecting Patient Safety Culture of Clinical Nurses: Focusing on Authentic Leadership and Team effectiveness
Tae Wha Lee, Phill Ja Kim, Hye Young Lee, Hae Kyung Shin, Hyun Sim Lee, Yoona Choi
J Korean Acad Nurs Adm 2021;27(1):34-42.   Published online January 31, 2021
DOI: https://doi.org/10.11111/jkana.2021.27.1.34
Purpose
This study was conducted to test a structural model for patient safety culture of clinical nurses focusing on organizational policy and interpersonal factors. Methods: A descriptive structural equation model design was used. Participates in this study were 385 clinical nurses. The variables of safety management system, authentic leadership, team effectiveness, and patient safety culture were measured to test the hypothetical model. SPSS 25.0 and AMOS 21.0 were used to analyze descriptive statistics and path analysis. Results: The final model fit satisfied goodness-of-fit and all path were significant. Authentic leadership (β=.54, p=<.001) was reported as the most influencing factor, followed by team effectiveness (β=.24, p<.001) and safety management system (β=.21, p<.001). Safety management system (β=.38, p=.002) and authentic leadership (β=.12, p=.002) had indirect effects on patient safety culture as well. Conclusion: The findings of this study show the importance of authentic leadership, team effectiveness, and safety management system to develop patient safety culture. The health care organization should develop the programs to increase these influencing factors.

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  • 54 Download
  • 9 Crossref
Purpose
The purpose of this study was to identify the effects of organizational justice, organizational culture and emotional intelligence on intention to stay in reemployed nurses. Methods: Data were collected from 154 reemployed nurses working in the two university hospitals located in G Province. Data were analyzed using t-test, ANOVA, Pearson’s Correlation Coefficient and Multiple Regression Analysis with SPSS/WIN 25.0. Results: Factors influencing intention to stay in the participants were period willing to stay (β=.36, p<.001), emotional intelligence (β=.35, p<.001), career break (β=.16, p=.015), organizational justice (β=.14, p=.046). The total explanatory power was 31%. Conclusion: In this study, organizational justice, emotional intelligence, career interruption, period willing to stay were found to be influential factors affecting intention to stay in reemployed nurses. A systematic intervention program for emotional intelligence is needed to increase the intention of retention in reemployed nurses. Further, human resource managers and specialists should consider organizational justice when designing the talent retention strategies.

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  • 848 View
  • 38 Download
  • 10 Crossref
Purpose
This study was done to identify effects of nurses' nursing service quality, importance of patient safety management and patient safety culture on patient safety management activities.
Methods
The participants were 246 nurses in tertiary hospitals. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, Mann-Whitney U test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficients, multiple regression with SPSS/WIN 24.0.
Results
A mean score of 4.43±0.44 out of 5 was found for patient safety management activities and a mean score of 3.29±0.27 out of 4 for nursing service quality. A mean score of 3.89±0.48 out of 5 was found for importance of patient safety management and a mean score of 3.28±0.25 out of 5 for patient safety culture. Patient safety management activities were positively correlated with importance of safety management, and with patient safety culture. The results show that importance of patient safety management, patient safety culture, and length in workplace were predictive of patient safety management activities (R2=.25, p<.001).
Conclusion
These results suggest that importance of patient safety management and patient safety culture are associated with patient safety management activities. Intervention programs to improve patient safety management activities are needed to promote the importance of patient safety management as well as patient safety culture.

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Effect of Nursing Organizational Culture, Organizational Health, and Job Crafting on Intent to Stay among Registered Nurses
Hun Ha Cho, Eun-Young Kim
J Korean Acad Nurs Adm 2020;26(2):172-180.   Published online March 31, 2020
DOI: https://doi.org/10.11111/jkana.2020.26.2.172
Purpose
The purpose of this study was to identify the effects of nursing organizational culture, organizational health, and job crafting on intent to stay among registered nurses. Methods: A cross sectional study design was used in this study. The participants were 210 nurses working at three hospitals in B city, South Korea. Data were collected from March 2 to 31 2018. A self-report questionnaire was used. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficients, and multiple regression analyses with the IBM/SPSS 25.0 for Window Program.
Results
Factors affecting intent to stay among registered nurses included relation oriented culture of nursing organization (β=.17, p=.029), organizational health (β=.16, p=.043), job crafting (β=.17, p=.031), and age(β= .25,p<.001), and these variables explained 25.0% of intent to stay (F=17.37, p<.001).
Conclusion
These findings show that there is a correlation between relation oriented culture of nursing organizational culture, organizational health, job crafting, and intent to stay among registered nurses. In order to increase nurses’ retention, it is important to establish a relation oriented culture in the nursing organization and to improve organizational health. Also, more attention should be paid to create positive job crafting to increase nurses’ intent to stay.

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  • 52 Download
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PURPOSE
The purpose of this study was to investigate relationships among intention of retention, nursing organizational culture, empowering leadership and organizational socialization of new graduate nurses, and identify factors affecting intent to stay.
METHODS
Data were collected from 184 new nurses who were graduated in 2017 and are now working in three tertiary hospitals. The relationship among the variables was analyzed with Pearson coefficient correlations and factors affecting intention of retention were identified by using multiple linear regression analysis.
RESULTS
The mean score for intention of retention was 5.23±1.25 (out of 8). Intent to stay had positive relationships with innovation-oriented culture, relation-oriented culture, task-oriented culture, empowerment leadership, organizational socialization. Factors influencing intent to stay were ‘motivation for selection of nursing (β=.19, p<.001)’, ‘organizational commitment (β=.45, p<.001)’, ‘job identity (β=.18, p=.005)’, and ‘interpersonal relationship of personal characteristics (β=.16, p=.005)’ in organizational socialization, and ‘coaching (β=.29, p=.001)’, and ‘showing concerning (β=−.19, p=.036)’ by empowering leadership. These factors explained 53.0% of the variance in intention of retention (F=35.96, p<.001).
CONCLUSION
Focusing on the factors of influence derived from this study, relevant institutions and nursing organizations require the creation of a work environment and leadership to increase the retention of new graduate nurses.

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Relationship between Organizational Culture and Job Satisfaction among Korean Nurses: A Meta-Analysis
Hee Jin Chung, Sung Hee Ahn
J Korean Acad Nurs Adm 2019;25(3):157-166.   Published online June 30, 2019
DOI: https://doi.org/10.11111/jkana.2019.25.3.157
PURPOSE
This study was undertaken to understand the determinants of job satisfaction for hospital nurses in Korea. Organization culture is deemed as a strong factor which contributes to overall job satisfaction.
METHODS
A systematic review was conducted using five electronic databases to identify Korean studies for the years 1998 to 2017. The Comprehensive Meta-Analysis Software Ver 2.0 was then utilized in data analysis.
RESULTS
A meta-analysis of data from 36 studies indicated that the overall effect size of correlation between organizational culture and job satisfaction was moderate (ESr=.36), and publication year was negatively associated with these factors in the meta-regression model. In addition, the magnitude of the types of organizational culture and job satisfaction varied according to size of the hospitals: innovation-oriented culture for secondary hospitals (ESr=.49) and relation-oriented culture for tertiary hospitals (ESr=.46). Lastly, of four different organizational cultures, innovation-oriented culture showed the strongest correlation with job satisfaction (ESr=.50), followed by relation-oriented culture (ESr=.49), and task-oriented culture (ESr=.30).
CONCLUSION
Results indicate that nursing organization culture plays a significant role in Korean nurses' job satisfaction. The implication of the study is that creating an innovation-oriented and relation-oriented culture in hospitals may effectively promote nurses' job satisfaction more than hierarchy-oriented culture.

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A Structural Equation Model of Nurses' Patient Safety Management Activities
Hyeon Hee Park, Soukyoung Kim
J Korean Acad Nurs Adm 2019;25(2):63-72.   Published online March 31, 2019
DOI: https://doi.org/10.11111/jkana.2019.25.2.63
PURPOSE
The purpose of this study was to build and test a model outlining the factors related to nurses' patient safety management activities. The exogenous variables were personal factor, job factor and organizational support. The endogenous factors were safety-related recognition, patient safety culture and patient safety management activities.
METHODS
A survey using a structured questionnaire was conducted among 500 nurses in Korea. The collected data were analyzed using PASW Statistics 18.0 and AMOS 20.0 programs.
RESULTS
Personal factors, job factors, safety-related recognition, and patient safety culture significantly affected nurses' patient safety management activities.
CONCLUSION
These results suggest that patient safety accidents can be prevented by increasing the safety culture and safety related recognition. To improve the safety culture and safety related recognition, measures should be taken to reduce the turnover rate of career nurses and provide sufficient manpower allocation, education and policies.

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PURPOSE
The study was done to investigate the mediating effect of self-efficacy on the relationships between informal learning and organizational socialization and between shared leadership and organizational socialization among short career nurses.
METHODS
A structured self-report questionnaire was used to measure organizational socialization, informal learning, shared leadership and self-efficacy. During February, 2017, data were collected from 136 nurses working in hospitals of more than 500 beds. Data were analyzed using hierarchial multiple linear regression with the SPSS/WIN 22.0 program.
RESULTS
Informal learning, shared leadership and self-efficacy were positively correlated with organizational socialization of participants and self-efficacy was positively correlated with informal learning and shared leadership of participants. Also, self-efficacy had a partial mediating effect on the relationship between informal learning, shared leadership and organizational socialization.
CONCLUSION
The findings indicate that organizational culture with high level of informal learning and shared leadership is an important factor for organizational socialization of short career nurses. It is also expected that self-efficacy can further promote their organizational socialization.

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Factors Influencing Nurses' Implementation of Evidence-based Fall Management in Geriatric Hospitals
Hyun Jeong, Myonghwa Park
J Korean Acad Nurs Adm 2017;23(3):270-279.   Published online June 30, 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.11111/jkana.2017.23.3.270
PURPOSE
The purpose of this study was to identify factors that influence nurses' implementation of evidence-based fall management in geriatric hospitals.
METHODS
Data from the Evidence Based Practice Survey of Fall Management in Geriatric Hospitals were examined for this study. The participants were 248 nurses from geriatric hospitals. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation analysis, and stepwise regression.
RESULTS
Factors related to implementation of evidence-based fall management were belief in evidence-based practice with organizational culture, work experience, use of fall guideline, and experience of patient falls. These factors explained 56.7% of variance in implementation of evidence-based fall management. Among these factors, the significant predictors for implementation of evidence-based fall management were belief in evidence-based practice, organizational culture of evidence-based practice, work experience, use of fall guideline and experience of patient falls.
CONCLUSION
Results of this study suggest that it is necessary to develop a systematic program to enhance nurses' belief in evidence-based practice at the individual level. In addition, fostering organizational culture toward evidence-based practice and disseminating fall management guidelines at the organizational level can be important strategies to enhance evidence-based fall management in geriatric hospitals.

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    Jongwon Choi, Woochol Joseph Choi
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Relationship among Types of Nursing Organizational Culture, Self-leadership and Burnout as Perceived by Perioperative Nurses
Minkyung Im, Young Hee Sung, Junghee Jung
J Korean Acad Nurs Adm 2017;23(2):170-180.   Published online March 31, 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.11111/jkana.2017.23.2.170
PURPOSE
This study was designed to assess the types of nursing organizational culture, and degree of self-leadership and burnout as perceived by perioperative nurses, and to identify correlations between these variables.
METHODS
Participants were 155 nurses from 3 tertiary hospitals in Seoul and data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, ANOVA, Scheffé, and Pearson correlation coefficient.
RESULTS
In the types of nursing organizational culture, the mean score for hierarchy-oriented culture was 3.57, and for self-leadership, 3.61 and for burnout, 2.87. In the relationship between the types of nursing organizational culture, self-leadership and burnout, relation-oriented culture (r=.24, p<.01), innovation-oriented culture (r=.23, p<.01) and task-oriented culture (r=.22, p<.01) had a slight positive correlation with self-leadership in that order. The innovation-oriented culture (r=-.29, p<.01) and relation-oriented culture (r=-.42, p<.01) among the types of nursing organizational culture showed a negative correlation with burnout while the hierarchy-oriented culture (r=.28, p<.01) showed a positive correlation with burnout. Self-leadership showed a negative correlation with burnout (r=-.42, p<.01).
CONCLUSION
The results show that nurses in operating rooms have a high awareness of hierarchy-oriented culture that affects burnout in a negative way while having a low awareness of relation-oriented culture that has a positive influence on burnout.

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Effect of Hospital Nurses' Perceptions of Organizational Health and Patient Safety Culture on Patient Safety Nursing Activities
Mi Young Han, Myun Sook Jung
J Korean Acad Nurs Adm 2017;23(2):127-138.   Published online March 31, 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.11111/jkana.2017.23.2.127
PURPOSE
This study was conducted to identify the effects of organizational health and patient safety culture on nursing activities for patient safety as perceived by hospital nurses.
METHODS
A self-report survey was administered to staff nurses of one advanced general hospital and two general hospitals in South Korea. Of the questionnaires, 188 were analyzed.
RESULTS
Organizational health had a significantly positive correlation with patient safety culture (r=.52, p<.001) and patient safety nursing activities (r=.31, p<.001).
CONCLUSION
The findings in this study indicate that among the factors influencing patient safety nursing activities, organizational factors were more important than individual factors, and organizational health had a big effect on patient safety nursing activities.

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Impact of Nursing Organizational Culture Types on Innovative Behavior and Job Embeddedness Perceived by Nurses
Mi Yeong Mun, Seon Young Hwang
J Korean Acad Nurs Adm 2016;22(4):313-322.   Published online September 30, 2016
DOI: https://doi.org/10.11111/jkana.2016.22.4.313
PURPOSE
The aim of this study was to determine the impact of nursing organizational culture types on innovative behavior and job embeddedness among clinical nurse.
METHODS
For this study a descriptive correlational study design was used. Participants were 293 nurses who had more than one year work experience. They were recruited from two university hospitals, one in Seoul and one in Gyeonggi province in 2016. Collected data were analyzed using SPSS/WIN 21.0 statistics program.
RESULTS
Hierarchy-oriented culture was the highest type of organizational culture perception and innovation-oriented culture, the lowest. Multiple linear regression analyses showed that, when age and total clinical experience were adjusted for, innovation-oriented culture perception was the most significant factor influencing innovative behavior, followed by task-oriented culture and relation-oriented culture in that order (R²=.33, F=24.50, p<.001). Relation-oriented culture perception was the factor most influencing job embeddedness, followed by task-oriented culture and innovation-oriented culture in that order (R²=.48, F=55.98, p<.001).
CONCLUSION
More systematic and sustained organizational efforts are required to improve the hierarchy-oriented culture highly perceived by nurses and to emphasize innovation-oriented, relation-oriented and task-oriented organizational culture to increase innovative behavior and job embeddedness among clinical nurses.

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PURPOSE
The purpose of this study was to identify relationships among self-esteem, social support, nursing organizational culture, experience of workplace bullying, and the consequences of workplace bullying in hospital nurses, and then to provide basic information for developing workplace bullying prevention programs.
METHODS
Participants were 122 hospital nurses from three general hospitals. Data collection was done during April and May 2015. Data were collected using self-report questionnaires which were used to identify participants' characteristics, self-esteem, social support, nursing organizational culture, and workplace bullying.
RESULTS
Approximately one quarter of the nurses had experienced workplace bullying in the past six months. Hierarchical regression analysis showed that experience of workplace bullying (β=.45) and self-esteem (β=-.31) explained 53.3% of the variance in consequences of workplace bullying.
CONCLUSION
Based on the findings that experiencing workplace bullying and having a low self-esteem were likely to increase workplace bullying in hospital nurses, there is a need to develop prevention and intervention programs on avoiding or dealing with workplace bullying.

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Effect of General Hospital Nurses' Perception of Patient Safety Culture and Burnout on Safety Management Activities
Hyun Mi Jang, Ju Young Park, Young Ju Choi, Sung Won Park, Han Na Lim
J Korean Acad Nurs Adm 2016;22(3):239-250.   Published online June 30, 2016
DOI: https://doi.org/10.11111/jkana.2016.22.3.239
PURPOSE
The aim of this study was to examine effects of patient safety culture and burnout on safety management activities with a focus on clinical experience of nurses in general hospitals.
METHODS
Self-administered questionnaires were given to nurses in a general hospital in C Province, and 107 questionnaires were used for final analysis. Collected data were analyzed using SPSS/WIN 21.0 Program for t-test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficients, and multiple regression.
RESULTS
The highest score as perceived by general hospital nurses for patient safety culture was for 'Immediate superior/Manager'(3.84), for burnout, the highest score was for 'Emotional exhaustion' (4.13), and for safety management activities, the highest score was for 'Prevention of infection' (3.96). Patient safety culture and safety management activities perceived by general hospital nurses showed significant positive correlations (r=.35 p<.001). The correlations between burnout and safety management activities perceived by the nurses showed significant negative correlations (r=-.37, p<.001). Results of hierarchical regression analysis conducted to identify factors that affect safety management activities showed that patient safety culture (β=.40 p<.001) was effective for controlling safety management activities.
CONCLUSION
The findings indicate a need to build a patient safety culture that fits the characteristics and situations of various hospitals.

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Effects of Work Environment, Organizational Culture and Demands at Work on Emotional Labor in Nurses
Ji Yun Lee, Hye Ri Nam
J Korean Acad Nurs Adm 2016;22(2):119-128.   Published online March 31, 2016
DOI: https://doi.org/10.11111/jkana.2016.22.2.119
PURPOSE
The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship among work environment of nursing, nursing organizational culture, demands at work and the emotional labor in clinical nurses.
METHODS
A convenience sample of 241 registered nurses was obtained from two hospitals. Data were collected by a self-administered questionnaire during December, 2014. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson correlations and multiple regression with SPSS/WIN 21.0.
RESULTS
The mean score for emotional labor was 3.36±0.48, for work environment of nursing, 2.44±0.36, and for innovational-orientation, 2.95±0.56: Relation-orientation, 3.34±0.62, Task-orientation, 2.95±0.53, and hierarchy-orientation, 3.41±0.49, The score for quantitative demands was 3.02±0.56, and for work pace, 3.76±0.76. In multivariate analysis, factors related to emotional labor were work environment of nursing, innovational-orientation and work pace.
CONCLUSION
Findings from this study indicate the need to evaluate and improve the work environment for nurses to decrease emotional labor.

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Influence of Types of Leadership and Organizational Culture on Innovative Behavior of Professional Staff of a General Hospital
Hyun Suk Kim, Kyeong Hwa Kang
J Korean Acad Nurs Adm 2015;21(4):447-456.   Published online September 30, 2015
DOI: https://doi.org/10.11111/jkana.2015.21.4.447
PURPOSE
The purpose of the study was to identify factors affecting the innovative behavior of general hospital professional staff.
METHODS
In the final analysis, the study focuses on the 442 structured questionnaires received from the professional staff (doctors, nurses, medical technicians, and administrative staff) of H Hospital, a public medical foundation. Data were collected from August 1 to 31, 2014. The SPSS/WIN 19.0 program was used for data analysis which included t-test, ANOVA, Scheffe test, Pearson correlation coefficients, and multiple regression analysis.
RESULTS
Multiple regression showed that factors affecting innovative behavior of hospital professional staff were conditional reward, innovation-oriented culture, education, and job (Adj R2=.317).
CONCLUSION
The results of this study suggest that it is necessary for the leader to demonstrate leadership with innovation and transaction in harmony to cultivate innovative behavior in hospital staff. Also, positive support and role in the hospital organization are fundamental to developing the strengths that each type of culture possess on the basis of the organizational culture of hospital, enabling hospital staff to exhibit their best voluntary innovative behavior.

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Effects of Job Characteristics, Organizational Culture on Job Satisfaction and Turnover Intention in Public Institution Nurses
Young Joo Lee, So Hee Kim, Taewha Lee
J Korean Acad Nurs Adm 2015;21(4):354-365.   Published online September 30, 2015
DOI: https://doi.org/10.11111/jkana.2015.21.4.354
PURPOSE
The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between job characteristics, organizational culture, job satisfaction and turnover intention, including the direct and indirect effects of the variables on turnover intention.
METHODS
A questionnaire was completed by a convenience sample of 144 nurses working for two public institutions. Data were analyzed using independent t-test, One-way ANOVA, Pearson correlation, Hierarchical multiple regression and Path analysis with SPSS/WIN 21.0 and AMOS 21.0 programs.
RESULTS
The mean score for job satisfaction and turnover intention was similar to that of other hospital nurses. The factors affecting job satisfaction were: position, number of job changes, relationship-oriented culture, and hierarchical-oriented culture(Adj. R2=.48, F=14.43, p<.001). The factors affecting turnover intention were: age, position, overtime, and job satisfaction(Adj. R2=.61, F=19.48, p<.001). Job autonomy and relationship-oriented culture had a significant indirect effect on turnover intention.
CONCLUSION
In developing intervention strategies to improve job satisfaction and reduce turnover intention there is a need to consider both the job characteristics and organizational culture of nurses in public institutions.

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Organizational Culture and Organizational Support as Factors Affecting the Innovative Behaviors of General Hospital Nurses
Yu Kyung Ko, Soyoung Yu, Kyeong Hwa Kang
J Korean Acad Nurs Adm 2015;21(2):223-231.   Published online March 31, 2015
DOI: https://doi.org/10.11111/jkana.2015.21.2.223
PURPOSE
The aim of this study was to identify the effects of organizational culture and organizational support on the innovative behavior of general hospital nurses.
METHODS
The participants in this study were 356 nurses, working in hospitals in Seoul, Gyeonggi and Gangwon Provinces, and Daejeon City. Data were collected from June to August, 2012. A structured questionnaire was used for data collection and data was analyzed using the SPSS/WIN program.
RESULTS
The organizational culture positively correlated with innovative behavior. The most significant predictors of innovative behavior were age, organizational support and hierarchy-oriented culture.
CONCLUSION
These findings suggest that nurses' organizational culture and organizational support were linked to innovative behavior. Management-level workers in these hospitals should have the skills and strategies to develop nurses' innovative behavior and increases nurses' recognition of organizational support to achieve high performance through innovation.

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Factors Influencing Competency in Evidence-based Practice among Clinical Nurses
Yeon Sook Kim, Jimee Kim, Mi Mi Park
J Korean Acad Nurs Adm 2015;21(2):143-153.   Published online March 31, 2015
DOI: https://doi.org/10.11111/jkana.2015.21.2.143
PURPOSE
The aim of this study was to describe competency in evidence-based practice (EBP) among clinical nurses and to explore critical thinking disposition (CTD) and organizational culture (OC) as possible predictors for competency in EBP. Also this study was conducted to identify baseline data for purpose of developing evidence-based OC to ensure safety of patients and to improve quality of nursing services in clinical setting.
METHODS
With a descriptive correlation study design, a competency in EBP questionnaire was administered to a convenience sample of nurses (N=393) from a single general hospital in Gyeonggi Province.
RESULTS
The overall mean score for competency in EBP was 3.03+/-0.53. Factors influencing competency in EBP were education (beta=0.23, p<.001), attendance at lectures on EBP (beta=0.18, p<.001), intellectual eagerness & healthy skepticism (beta=0.27, p<.001) among CTD, and hierarchy-oriented OC (beta=0.14, p=.005), which explained about 35% of the total variance.
CONCLUSION
Critical thinking and competency in EBP should be part of nursing education especially for undergraduate students as well as strengthening clinical practice by activation of EBP. The results of this study that hierarchy-oriented OC, is a significant predictor for competency in EBP is difficult to accept. Its seemed to require further exploration.

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Clinical Nurses' Experience of Positive Organizational Culture
Young Hee Yom, Sang Mi Noh, Kyung Hee Kim
J Korean Acad Nurs Adm 2014;20(5):469-480.   Published online December 31, 2014
DOI: https://doi.org/10.11111/jkana.2014.20.5.469
PURPOSE
This study was conducted to explore clinical nurses' experience of positive organizational culture in order to provide data for effective strategies of acquisition and retention of competent nurses.
METHODS
In this qualitative study, interviews with four focus groups of four to six nurses, 19 in total, were held. Compositional factors in groups included clinical experience, age, work place, and position. Interviews proceeded until data were saturated.
RESULTS
Fifteen sub-themes, categorized into six themes, emerged. Positive organizational culture themes included "Helping nurses to be organization members", "Allowing nurses to communicate with one another", "Helping nurses take an initiative to lead organization", "Having competent leader take charge of organization", "Enabling nurses to achieve organizational changes", and "Leading nurses to accomplish organizational performance." CONCLUSION: Results indicate that positive organizational culture is related to increases in occupational satisfaction and decreases in turnover through supportive organizational culture which makes it possible to reinvest expenses required for training new members to promoting quality growth in the organization and the prestige of professional nurses. In order to improve occupational satisfaction and sustained growth in nurses, it is necessary to provide nurses with positive work environments and require members to make active efforts leading to strategic changes.

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Perception of Workers on Patient Safety Culture and Degree of Patient Safety in Nursing Homes in Korea
Sook Hee Yoon, Se Young Kim, Xianglian Wu
J Korean Acad Nurs Adm 2014;20(3):247-256.   Published online June 30, 2014
DOI: https://doi.org/10.11111/jkana.2014.20.3.247
PURPOSE
The purpose of this study was to investigate provide basic data for improving patient safety in nursing homes in Korea by measuring the patient safety culture of nursing homes and understanding its influencing factors.
METHODS
This study is a secondary analysis of a descriptive research study using data from development and validation of the Korean patient safety culture scale for nursing homes. A total of 982 cases were analyzed using the SPSS Statistics 20 program.
RESULTS
For the safety culture of the patient, there was a significant difference based on the size and location of the facility. For the degree of patient safety, age, education, occupation, marital status, and the size of the nursing home were significant factors. Patient safety culture and the degree of patient safety had a positive correlation. The regression model of the degree of patient safety was significant (F=20.73, p<.001) and the explanatory power of the model was 27.4%.
CONCLUSION
The study results indicate that patient safety culture is a factor influencing safety of elders in nursing homes. To improve patient safety for nursing homes in Korea, continuous evaluation and improvement projects need to be done at a national level.

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Effects of Organizational Culture, Self-Leadership and Empowerment on Job Satisfaction and Turnover Intention in General Hospital Nurses
Seunghye Choi, Insun Jang, Seungmi Park, Haeyoung Lee
J Korean Acad Nurs Adm 2014;20(2):206-214.   Published online March 31, 2014
DOI: https://doi.org/10.11111/jkana.2014.20.2.206
PURPOSE
In this study factors affecting job satisfaction and turnover intention of nurses were explored in the context of organizational culture, self-leadership, and empowerment.
METHODS
Participants were 286 nurses drawn from 3 general hospitals. Data were analyzed using t-test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson correlation, and hierarchial multiple regression with the SPSS/WIN 18.0 program.
RESULTS
Significant differences in job satisfaction and turnover intention were found according to organizational culture types. Significant positive correlations were found between self-leadership, empowerment, task oriented organizational culture, relationship oriented organizational culture, innovation oriented organizational culture and job satisfaction. On the other hand, significant negative relationships were found between empowerment, relationship oriented organizational culture, innovation oriented organizational culture and turnover intention. The factors that enhance job satisfaction were found to be higher innovation-oriented organizational culture. Lower turnover intention was shown to be positively associated with relationship- or innovation oriented organization culture.
CONCLUSION
Innovation oriented organizational culture is needed in order to raise job satisfaction and reduce turnover intention of nurses.

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PURPOSE
The purposes of this study were to analyze the mediating effects of empowerment, job stress, organizational commitment and relation-oriented nursing organization culture on turnover intention of clinical nurses.
METHODS
Participants selected for the final analysis were 382 nurses working in 4 general hospitals. Data were analyzed through descriptive statistics Pearson correlation analysis (SPSS/WIN 17.0), and Path analysis (AMOS 18.0).
RESULTS
The study results are as follows: relation-oriented nursing organizational culture had no direct effect but had an indirect effect on nurses' turnover intention through empowerment, job stress, and organizational commitment, while job stress and organizational commitment had direct effects on turnover intention. The results also showed that empowerment had strong effect on organizational commitment, but job stress had very weak effect. Empowerment had an effect on turnover intention.
CONCLUSION
These results indicate that establishment of relation-oriented nursing organization culture is imperative if clinical nurses' turnover intention is to be decreased.

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Measuring Patient Safety Culture in Korean Nursing Homes
Sook Hee Yoon, Byungsoo Kim, So Yonug Shin, Xianglian Wu
J Korean Acad Nurs Adm 2013;19(2):315-327.   Published online March 31, 2013
DOI: https://doi.org/10.11111/jkana.2013.19.2.315
PURPOSE
The purpose of this study was to investigate the patient safety culture in Korean nursing homes using the Nursing Home Survey Patient Safety Culture (NHS-PC), a valid tool, provided by the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) and to compare the results with AHRQ data.
METHODS
Administrators and staff (N=151) of six nursing homes in Seoul, Busan, Kyeonggi Province and Gyeongsangnam Province completed the survey in July, 2010. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, positive response rate, t-test, ANOVA, DUNCAN, Cronbach's alpha.
RESULTS
The total mean (SD) positive response rate for patient safety culture was not significantly different from the AHRQ data. For composite levels, the results of 'handoffs' were significantly higher, and the results of 'feedback and communication about incidents' and 'nonpunitive responses to mistakes' were significantly lower than the AHRQ data.
CONCLUSION
More effective strategies related to nonpunitive responses to mistakes and management activities for patient safety are needed to improve patient safety culture in nursing homes.

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Content Analysis of Patient Safety Culture in Nursing Homes
Sook Hee Yoon, XiangLian Wu
J Korean Acad Nurs Adm 2013;19(1):118-127.   Published online January 31, 2013
DOI: https://doi.org/10.11111/jkana.2013.19.1.118
PURPOSE
The purpose of this study was to identify experiences of incidents and to explore the perceptions of Patient Safety Culture between two groups using nursing homes in Korea; employees and patients and their families.
METHODS
In 2010 in-depth interviews were used to collect data from 56 participants (38 employees, and 18 patients and family members). The data were analyzed using inductive content analysis.
RESULTS
The analysis scheme resulting from employees' data consisted of 7 categories and 22 subcategories, after 216 significant statements were analyzed and categorized. The 7 categories were education and training (24.5%), working attitude (23.6%), organizational system (19.0%), job satisfaction (18.5%), institutional environment (6.5%), manager leadership (4.2%), and work climate (4.7%). The analysis scheme resulting from patient and family data consisted of 6 categories and 7 subcategories after 24 significant statements were analyzed and categorized. Education and training among categories of employees were excluded.
CONCLUSION
These findings indicate that an evaluation tool for patient safety culture should be developed for nursing homes in Korea.

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    Sook Hee Yoon, Se Young Kim, XiangLian Wu
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  • Measuring Patient Safety Culture in Korean Nursing Homes
    Sook-Hee Yoon, Byungsoo Kim, So Yonug Shin, XiangLian Wu
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    Sook Hee Yoon, Byungsoo Kim, Se Young Kim
    Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2013; 43(3): 379.     CrossRef
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Perception of Patient Safety Culture and Safety Care Activity among Nurses in Small-Medium Sized General Hospitals
Na Joo Lee, Jeong Hee Kim
J Korean Acad Nurs Adm 2011;17(4):462-473.   Published online December 31, 2011
DOI: https://doi.org/10.11111/jkana.2011.17.4.462
PURPOSE
This study was done to identify the factors affecting the perception of patient-safety-culture and the level of safety-care-activity among nurses in small-medium sized general hospitals.
METHOD
Data were collected during April and May 2011, from 241 nurses of five hospitals. A hospital survey questionnaire on patient-safety-culture and safety-care-activity was used. Collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation, t-test, ANOVA, Scheffe test and multiple-regression.
RESULTS
There were significant differences in the level of perception of patient-safety-culture according to the nurses' age, type of hospital, position, work department, and knowing whether there was a Patient-Safety committee in their hospitals. Nurses with higher perceived level of the patient-safety-culture performed more safety-care-activities. Factors influencing on the safety-care-activities were general patient safety, having had safety-education, patient-to-nurse ratio, employment status, and the level of reporting medical errors. These factors explained 22.9% of the safety-care-activity.
CONCLUSIONS
The study findings suggest that in order to improve the nurses' perceived level of patient-safety-culture and safety-care-activity, the hospitals need to establish patient-safety committees and communication systems, and openness to reporting medical errors are needed. Better work conditions to ensure appropriate work time, regulate patient-to-nurse ratio, and nursing education standards and criteria, are also required.

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Effects of Perceived Patient Safety Culture on Safety Nursing Activities in the General Hospital Nurse's
Hwa Young Kim, Hye Sook Kim
J Korean Acad Nurs Adm 2011;17(4):413-422.   Published online December 31, 2011
DOI: https://doi.org/10.11111/jkana.2011.17.4.413
PURPOSE
This descriptive correlation study was done to identify how perception of patient safety culture of general hospital nurses affects safety during nursing activities. Data from this study should provide information on management of patient safety as well as improvement in patient safety.
METHOD
Participants in this study were 357 clinical nurses working in a general hospital in M city which had two medical evaluations. A survey was conducted to gather the data.
RESULTS
The score for perception of patient safety culture of the general hospital nurses was 3.42, out of a possible 5 points, and the score for safety care activities was 3.90. There was a statistically significant positive relationship between the nurses' perception of patient safety culture and their safety care activities, Perception of patient safety culture, Supervisor/manager, communication and procedures, and frequency of accident reporting were factors that impacted significantly on safety nursing activity.
CONCLUSION
The results of the study indicate that patient safety cultural perception significantly affects the safety of nursing activities and thus systematic educational strategies to increase perception should be provided to increase the level of patient safety culture. Also, other specific methods that increase the level of patient safety culture should be considered.

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Influence of Nursing Organizational Culture on Empowerment as Perceived by New Nurses
Yang Yoeb Seo, Hyeon Ok Ju
J Korean Acad Nurs Adm 2011;17(1):88-95.   Published online March 31, 2011
DOI: https://doi.org/10.11111/jkana.2011.17.1.88
PURPOSE
This study was done to identify the effect of nursing organizational culture on empowerment as perceived by new clinical nurses.
METHODS
For the objective a sample of 175 new nurses from secondary/tertiary hospitals having not less than 250 beds located in B city was selected to complete a questionnaire. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, One-way ANOVA, Scheffe's test, Pearson correlation coefficients and simultaneous multiple regression with the SPSS 14.0 software program.
RESULTS
As for nursing organizational culture as perceived by the respondent, relation-oriented culture had the highest average score (3.60+/-.63) out of a possible 5 points followed by hierarch-oriented culture, innovation-oriented culture and task-oriented culture with 3.45+/-.30, 3.19+/-.53 and 3.05+/-.46, respectively. The respondents' level of perceived empowerment was 3.06+/-.41. The factors influencing empowerment according to nursing organizational culture were innovation-oriented and relation-oriented culture in that order. These 2 variables were statistically significant predictors and explained 48.6% of the variance in empowerment.
CONCLUSIONS
The results of this study indicate that emphasis should be given to nursing organizational culture strengthened by innovationoriented and relation-oriented culture, rather than task-oriented and hierarch-oriented culture, in order to foster harmonious empowerment among nurses at all levels.

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Patient Safety Program and Safety Culture
Young Mee Kim, Se Young Kim, Min Young Kim, Ju Hee Kim, Suk Kyoung Lee, Mi Kyung Jang
J Korean Acad Nurs Adm 2010;16(4):455-465.   Published online December 31, 2010
DOI: https://doi.org/10.11111/jkana.2010.16.4.455
PURPOSE
To determine the impact of the Patient Safety Program on the safety culture of nursing department.
METHODS
Patient Safety Program focused on medication safety was launched by QI team and patient safety committee. Patient Safety Program was composed of the establishment of improved reporting system as s way to learn from error, 'Patient Safety Guard' movement, and continuous education for medication safety. With one group pretest-posttest design, nurses' perception of the safety culture were measured with self-administered questionnaire. Subjects were all nurses and managers in nursing department of a tertiary teaching hospital in Seoul. Collected data from survey was statistically analyzed using t-test.
RESULTS
Patient Safety Program had been continued for 20 months in participation of all nurses and managers. Safety culture was improved (pretest=2.84, posttest=2.90, p<.001; 4 point scale).
CONCLUSIONS
This study indicates that there has been a statistically significant increase in the nurses' perception of safety culture. These findings suggest that Patient Safety Program had made great contribution toward system wide safety culture in the hospital. To improve safety culture, leadership supports and flexibility to apply tailored interventions to the hospital were required necessarily.

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Canonical Correlation between Organizational Culture and Informatics Competency
Myoung Soo Kim
J Korean Acad Nurs Adm 2010;16(2):172-179.   Published online June 30, 2010
DOI: https://doi.org/10.11111/jkana.2010.16.2.172
PURPOSE
The purpose of this study was to examine the canonical correlation between organizational culture and nurses' informatics competency.
METHOD
Participants in this study were 354 nurses from three hospitals and one university. The scales of organizational culture, informatics competency for nurses were used. Descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation coefficient, canonical correlation were used for data analysis.
RESULTS
The dominant organizational culture was hierarch-oriented culture. Nursing informatics competency of the participants was relatively low with a mean score 3.04. Organizational culture was related to informatics competency with 2 significant canonical variables. The first variate showed the higher four subcategories of organizational culture showed the better nursing informatics. The second variate indicated that nurses felt higher innovation-related and lower hierarch-related culture showed higher medical informatics-related software usage and computer related information management, lower perception of informatics and information search using internet.
CONCLUSION
Organization culture has a major of impact on the success of information system use. Therefore, the continuous strategy for higher innovation-related organizational culture such as management support should be needed.

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