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Original Articles
Role Transformation and Adaptation of Physician Assistants during the 2024 Medical Workforce Shortage: A Phenomenological Study
Tae Yeong Yang, Nahyun Lee
J Korean Acad Nurs Adm 2025;31(3):259-268.   Published online June 30, 2025
DOI: https://doi.org/10.11111/jkana.2025.0016
Purpose
This study explored the lived experiences of physician assistants (PAs) in Korea during the 2024 medical workforce shortage, focusing on how they perceived and adapted to their rapidly changing roles. The study investigated both the challenges PAs faced and the professional growth they experienced throughout the adaptation process. Methods: A phenomenological qualitative design was applied using Colaizzi’s method. In-depth interviews were conducted with 15 PAs at a tertiary hospital in Seoul between September 25, 2024 and February 1, 2025. Data were analyzed thematically. Results: Four major theme clusters emerged: changes in work environment and quality of life, role conflict and ambiguity in professional identity, dual aspects of role expansion including autonomy and burnout, and coping strategies and structural policy demands. Participants reported physical and emotional strain, but also described greater involvement in care decisions, improved patient relationships, and a stronger sense of professional identity. Conclusion: Amid the medical staffing crisis, PAs adapted to their expanded responsibilities and became key healthcare providers. While facing substantial burdens, they simultaneously experienced personal and professional growth. Institutional and legal support is essential to stabilize their roles and improve long-term healthcare outcomes.
  • 2,367 View
  • 158 Download
Purpose
This study examined factors influencing patient safety nursing activities in integrated nursing care units. Methods: A survey was conducted with 134 nurses from hospitals (100~300 beds) in Busan using self-administered questionnaires (August 17–September 15, 2024). Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation, and multiple regression analysis. Results: The mean score for patient safety nursing activities was 4.31±0.55. Positive correlations were found with grit, teamwork, communication, and patient safety culture awareness. The predictor variables explained 46.0% of the variance in patient safety nursing activities. Significant factors included communication (β=.31, p=.032) and leadership (β=.29, p=.035) within teamwork, incident reporting frequency (β=.24, p<.001) within patient safety culture awareness, and experience in patient safety education (β=.17, p=.018). Conclusion: The findings of this study highlight the importance of enhancing teamwork, particularly in leadership and communication, and creating a safety culture that promotes incident reporting and education to strengthen patient safety nursing practices. Improving patient safety training, developing systematic evaluation and feedback mechanisms, and establishing structured support systems through campaigns and workshops will boost staff involvement and elevate the quality of patient safety practices.
  • 1,949 View
  • 172 Download
Nurses' Hospital Selection within a Dual Labor Market Framework: The Dilemma of Professional Identity
Hyun-Ji Bae, Hyoung Suk Kim, Hwal Lan Bang
J Korean Acad Nurs Adm 2025;31(1):14-24.   Published online January 31, 2025
DOI: https://doi.org/10.11111/jkana.2025.31.1.14
Purpose
This qualitative study explored nurses' experiences in selecting hospitals within a dual labor market framework.
Methods
Focus group interviews were conducted with 18 general nurses, divided into three groups of six, each representing both large and medium-sized hospitals.
Results
The analysis revealed two themes, four categories, and nine subcategories, highlighting differences between large and medium-sized hospitals. Nurses who choose large hospitals prioritized "professional development" but faced "struggles to maintain professional identity" while those selecting medium-sized hospitals sought "stability and accessibility" but experienced "crisis of professional identity." Conclusion: This study highlights significant differences in the factors influencing nurses' hospital choices based on hospital size. These findings provide foundational data for establishing the Enforcement Decree and Rules of the Nursing Act, emphasizing the importance of developing legal measures to strengthen nurses' professional identity and promote a balanced and sustainable nursing labor market.
  • 1,731 View
  • 29 Download
Purpose
This study aimed to analyze the differences in medical care use and patient outcomes between patient groups in the general ward (GW) and integrated nursing care ward (INCW).
Methods
Among all patients admitted from January 1 to December 31, 2020, 430 patients (total 860) were selected in the GW and INCW using propensity score matching. The differences in the two groups were analyzed using t-test and x 2 test. Multiple and logistic regression were used to investigate the effect of admission to the INCW or GW on medical use and patient outcomes.
Results
The total medical expenses, urinary tract infection rate, and pneumonia rate of the two groups did not show significant differences; however, the length of stay for the INCW group was approximately 3 days longer and unplanned readmissions were 5.4% lower for the INCW group than that for the GW group. Multiple and logistic regression analysis showed similar results.
Conclusion
Patients in the INCW group had longer hospitalization days and lower rates of unplanned readmission than those in GW group. Additional studies related to longer hospital stays are needed, and measures should be taken to prevent social hospitalization.
  • 1,223 View
  • 61 Download
Nursing Students’ Experience of Using Digital Healthcare Applications (DiGA)
Young-Eun Jang, Hwa-Mi Yang
J Korean Acad Nurs Adm 2024;30(4):319-331.   Published online September 30, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.11111/jkana.2024.30.4.319
Purpose
This study examined nursing students' experiences of using digital healthcare applications in terms of the source and demand of socio-psychological needs, expectations, exposures, use satisfaction, and derivative effects based on the components of use satisfaction theory.
Methods
This study was conducted using focus group interviews, and data were collected from 12 nursing students enrolled in two universities located in Seoul and Gyeonggi Province from April 1 to May 31, 2023.
Results
The nursing students mainly used digital healthcare applications to address needs such as sleep, exercise, goal setting, social support, and motivation, which included the need for physical well-being, growth and development, emotional stability, and social needs. Participants met various needs such as achieving goals, feeling of achievement, enhancing self-confidence, and acquiring helpful information through digital healthcare applications. The satisfaction gained in setting and achieving goals was the driving force for motivation.
Conclusion
Nursing students value intuitive interfaces, personalized features, and appropriate notifications. Step-by-step rewards and reasonable pricing are also vital for using digital healthcare apps. These findings should be incorporated into developing programs to improve nursing students' health management and digital healthcare skills.
  • 1,053 View
  • 35 Download
Purpose
Nursing care activities for patient safety are important to prevent accidents. This study aimed to examine the association between nurses’ perception of patient safety culture, willingness to report near misses, critical thinking disposition, and nursing care activities for patient safety.
Methods
In this cross-sectional study, data were obtained from online surveys conducted with 201 ward nurses. An independent t-test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson’s correlation coefficient test, and multiple linear regression analysis were performed using IBM SPSS/WIN 21.0.
Results
Perceptions of patient safety culture, willingness to report near misses, critical thinking disposition, and nursing activities for patient safety were all correlated with each other. According to the regression model, significant factors influencing nursing care activities for patient safety were medical ward (β=-.28, p=.010), critical thinking disposition (β=.27, p<.001), willingness to report near misses (β=.19, p=.004), perceptions of patient safety culture (β=.19, p=.007), and work experience (β=-.18, p=.016).
Conclusion
Improving nurses’ perceptions of patient safety culture, promoting the reporting of near misses, and strengthening nurses' critical thinking dispositions can foster patient-safety nursing care activities. Additionally, a tailored patient safety education program that considers nursing work experience may be appropriate for patient-safety nursing care activities.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Impact of Grit, Teamwork, Organizational Communication Competence, Perception of Patient Safety Culture on Patient Safety Nursing Activities in Integrated Nursing Care Units
    Jeeseon Kim, Haejung Lee
    Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration.2025; 31(3): 237.     CrossRef
  • 3,065 View
  • 147 Download
  • 1 Crossref
Influences of Organizational Culture, Nursing Workplace Spirituality, and Nurses’ Perceived Health Status on Quality of Nursing Work Life according to Nursing Clinical Ladder
Hyun Sook Lee, Ju Hyun Jin, Ju Ri Lee, Hye Jin Kim, Yeon Jae Jung
J Korean Acad Nurs Adm 2024;30(1):31-41.   Published online January 31, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.11111/jkana.2024.30.1.31
Purpose
This study aimed to examine the influence of nursing organizational culture, nursing workplace spirituality, and nurses’ perceived health status on quality of nursing work life according to nursing clinical ladder at a tertiary hospital.
Methods
Participants were nurses working at a tertiary hospital in D city, and a total of 352 participants were recruited according to four stages of clinical experience: novice stage (below 1 year), advanced beginner stage (2~3 years), competent stage (4~6 years), and proficiency stage (above 7 years). Data were collected from February 7-February 16, and analyzed using descriptive statistics, one-way ANOVA, Scheffe test, and Multiple regression.
Results
There was statistically significant correlation between innovation-oriented nursing organizational culture, nursing workplace spirituality, nurses’ perceived health status and quality of nursing work life. In all clinical ladder stages, nursing work spirituality and nurses’ perceived health status were factors influencing the quality of nursing work life; innovation-oriented nursing organizational culture was an influencing factor in the novice, advanced beginner, and competent stage, but not the proficient stage.
Conclusion
To improve the quality of nursing work life, it is necessary to develop and apply practical programs that reflect nurses’ characteristics at each clinical ladder stage.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Factors influencing quality of life among married nurses with children in Korea: a cross-sectional survey
    Yun Mi Kim
    Women's Health Nursing.2025; 31(3): 279.     CrossRef
  • Cluster of Speaking‐Up Behavior in Clinical Nurses and Its Association With Nursing Organizational Culture, Teamwork, and Working Condition: A Cross‐Sectional Study
    Eunhee Lee, Hyunjeong Kwon, Miyuki Takase
    Journal of Nursing Management.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • 1,038 View
  • 29 Download
  • 2 Crossref
Development and Validation of the Job Competency Scale for Insurance Review Nurses Working in Hospital
Song Hwa Nam, Eun A Kim
J Korean Acad Nurs Adm 2023;29(5):588-602.   Published online December 31, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.11111/jkana.2023.29.5.588
Purpose
The purpose of this study was to develop and validate the Job Competency Scale (JCS) for insurance review nurses working in hospitals.
Methods
The initial items were generated through a literature review and interviews with 10 experts. The content validity of the items was evaluated through content validity and face validity tests. Data from 301 insurance review nurses working in hospitals were analyzed using item analysis, exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, and convergent validity; reliability was tested using Cronbach’s ⍺.
Results
The final JCS consisted of 25 items and five factors (knowledge integration, professional ethics, communication and interpersonal relationship, information literacy and problem solving, self-development) that explained 72.4% of the variance. Confirmatory factor analysis indicated that the theoretical model comprising 25 items satisfied all goodness-of-fit parameters. Convergent validity was confirmed by the Task Performance Scale for insurance review nurses (r=.53, p<.001). The total Cronbach’s ⍺ score for scale was .94.
Conclusion
The JCS was found to be a reliable and valid instrument that can be used to measure the job competency of insurance review nurses working in hospitals.
  • 831 View
  • 21 Download
Exploring the Applicability of Artificial Intelligence for the Improvement of Nursing Practice in Korea
Hanbit Lee, Woojong Moon, Sla Kim, Jinhee Lee, Yuzhu Zhang
J Korean Acad Nurs Adm 2023;29(5):564-576.   Published online December 31, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.11111/jkana.2023.29.5.564
Purpose
Based on a literature review of artificial intelligence (AI) applications within nursing tasks, this study delves into the feasibility of employing AI to improve nursing practice in Korea.
Methods
We used "nursing" and "artificial intelligence" as keywords to search academic databases, resulting in 96 relevant studies from an initial pool of 940. After a detailed review, 35 studies were selected for analysis based on nursing process stages.
Results
AI improves nursing assessment by enhancing pain diagnosis, fall detection, and movement monitoring in older adults. It aids nursing diagnosis through clinical decision support, risk prediction, and emergency patient triage. Further, it expedites the creation of precise plans utilizing predictive models in nursing planning. AI also forecasts medication errors and reduces the nursing documentation burden for nursing implementation. Additionally, it manages (re)hospitalization risks by assessing patient risk and prognoses in nursing evaluation.
Conclusion
AI in Korean nursing can enhance assessment and diagnosis accuracy, promote a prevention-focused paradigm through risk prediction, and ease the burden of nursing practice amidst human resource shortages.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Research trends in generative artificial intelligence in nursing: a scoping review
    Myung Jin Choi, Myoung Hee Seo, Jihun Kim, Sunmi Kim, Seok Hee Jeong
    Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2025; 55(3): 468.     CrossRef
  • Concept Analysis of Social Intelligence of Nurses Using Hybrid Model
    Kyung Ran Lee, Na Kyoung Lee, Hee Oh, Kyoung Ae Park
    Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2024; 54(3): 459.     CrossRef
  • Why nursing cannot be replaced with artificial intelligence
    Hae-Kyung Jo
    Women's Health Nursing.2024; 30(4): 340.     CrossRef
  • 10,146 View
  • 628 Download
  • 3 Crossref
Purpose
This study aimed to verify the effect of patient safety environment (PSE) and health literacy (HL) on patient safety participation (PSP) and the mediating effect of HL.
Methods
We recruited patients who were hospitalized at a tertiary general hospital in “D” city. A total of 230 people responded to a questionnaire survey we conducted from March 15 to July 10, 2020. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, independent t-test, One-way ANOVA, Scheffé test, Pearson’s correlation coefficient analysis, and hierarchical regression using SPSS/WIN 26.0.
Results
PSP was found to be significantly associated with PSE (r=.29, p<.001) and HL (r=.44, p<.001). PSE and HL were found to have a significant effect on PSP (power: 23%). HL was found to have a partial mediating effect (indirect effect: 0.09, 95% CI: 0.04~0.14) between PSE and PSP.
Conclusion
The findings from this study can contribute to developing interventions for patient participation in the PSE and providing directions for offering safe and high-quality medical care to patients.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • What Factors Influence Patient Measures of Safety Among Adults?
    Yujeong Kim, Eunhee Nam
    Risk Management and Healthcare Policy.2025; Volume 18: 353.     CrossRef
  • Factors Influencing the Willingness of Hospitalized Children’s Parents to Engage in Patient Safety: A Cross-Sectional Study
    Yujeong Kim, Mingi Chang
    Risk Management and Healthcare Policy.2025; Volume 18: 53.     CrossRef
  • The Influence of Patient Safety Perception and Knowledge on Patient Participation among Inpatients in Comprehensive Nursing Care Service Ward
    Kyung Suk Baek, Chul-Gyu Kim
    Quality Improvement in Health Care.2025; 31(1): 2.     CrossRef
  • Mediating effects of patient safety perception and willingness to participate in patient safety on the relationship between health literacy and patient participation behavior among inpatients
    Mi Hwa Won, Sun-Hwa Shin
    Frontiers in Public Health.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Influence of patient safety perception and attitude on inpatients’ willingness to participate in patient safety: An observation study
    Mi Hwa Won, In Suk Hwang, Sun-Hwa Shin
    Medicine.2024; 103(29): e39033.     CrossRef
  • 1,350 View
  • 41 Download
  • 5 Crossref
A Study on the Outflow Intention of Nursing Students in Non-Metropolitan Area: Honam Region
Purum Kang, A Young Han
J Korean Acad Nurs Adm 2023;29(3):234-245.   Published online June 30, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.11111/jkana.2023.29.3.234
Purpose
Nursing colleges are continuously being expanded to solve the problem of imbalance among regions, but the outflow of the provincial brain-drain to metropolitan regions continues. Therefore, this study aimed to identify the influencing factors on the regional outflow intention of nursing students.
Methods
This study employed a mixedmethod design, and 214 nursing students in the Honam region filled out a self-administered questionnaire. Eight participants recruited through random sampling were interviewed in depth. Data were analyzed using a t-test, x2 test and logistic regression.
Results
Among the total respondents, 161 students (75.2%) had intent to regional outflow. Influencing factors were significantly correlated with employment in tertiary general hospitals (OR=3.32, 95% CI=1.35~8.16), perception of job opportunities in the province (OR=0.52, 95% CI=0.31~0.87), intrinsic job values (OR=2.43, 95% CI=1.14~5.22), and voluntary employment preparation behaviors (OR=2.75, 95% CI=1.05~ 7.19). Through the interviews, themes related to regional outflow intentions were drawn into the following three categories: “recognition of working environment by region”, “aspiration for professional growth”, and “expectation for self-development and rich experience”.
Conclusion
This study’s results are expected to be used as strategic data for establishing plans for nurturing regional human resources and improving the local nursing workforce in non-metropolitan areas.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Factors Affecting Non-response in a Cohort Study of Female Participants: The Korea Nurses' Health Study (Preprint)
    Young Taek Kim, Chiyoung Prof. Cha, Gumhee Baek, Bohye Kim, Bo Mi Song, Joong-Yeon Lim, Hyun-Young Park, Juhyun Shin
    JMIR Public Health and Surveillance.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • 631 View
  • 15 Download
  • 1 Crossref
Purpose
This study aims to identify the factors-along the lines of fatigue, nursing professionalism, and the work environment-that affect the nursing of COVID-19 patients by nurses at a designated COVID-19 hospital in Korea.
Methods
Data were collected from March 7 to March 31, 2022 via structured questionnaires submitted by 162 nurses, and analyzed using t-test, ANOVA, Scheffé test, Pearson correlation, and hierarchical regression analysis.
Results
In model 1, the variables among the general characteristics which significantly affect nursing intention are “6 months to less than 1 year of nursing experience for severe COVID-19 patients” (β=.29, p=.001), “having the volition to provide nursing support for future COVID-19 patients” (β=0.28, p<.001), and the “intention according to the hospital situation”(β=.35, p<.001). In model 2, fatigue (β=-.18, p=.007) and nursing professionalism (β=.43, p<.001) affect nursing intention. The total explanatory power of Model 2 is 47.0% (F=16.93, p<.001, R2 =.47).
Conclusion
To increase nursing intention for COVID-19 patients, intervention strategies should reduce nurses’ fatigue and introduce competency-strengthening programs as to improve nursing professionalism.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Effect of Nursing Professionalism on Turnover Intention among Nurses: The Mediating Effect of Job Embeddedness
    Ja In Kim, Seok Hee Jeong, Hyoung Eun Chang, Sunmi Kim
    Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration.2025; 31(4): 446.     CrossRef
  • Influence of Patient Safety Culture, Ethical Nursing Competence, and Nursing Professionalism on the Perception of Disclosure of Patient Safety Incidents among Nurses in Tertiary Hospitals
    Seulki Kim, Yoonju Lee
    Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration.2024; 30(4): 392.     CrossRef
  • 648 View
  • 3 Download
  • 2 Crossref
Purpose
This study aimed to examine the influence of nurses’ general and job-related characteristics, nursing practice environment, and grit on the intent to stay of operating room nurses.
Methods
This descriptive study focused on 198 operating room nurses employed in university hospitals at Busan metropolitan city and Kyungnam district, with a minimum of six months of experience in the operating room. Data were collected between February 16, 2022 and May 25, 2022, using self-report questionnaires and analyzed using SPSS 21.0.
Results
The average of operating room nurses' intent to stay was 5.01, indicating a high intent to stay. Positive correlations were found between grit(r=.58, p<.001) and nursing practice environment(r=.36, p<.001) with intent to stay. Grit(β=.52, p<.001) and nursing practice environment(β=.13, p=.035) significantly influenced the intent to stay and explained 35% of the variance in the intent to stay.
Conclusion
The findings of this study suggest that strengthening nurses’ grit and providing a healthy practice environment may help increase their intent to stay. Developing a grit-enhancing program, especially one that fosters enthusiasm and perseverance toward long-term goals, can improve operating room nurses’ psychological resources and enhance their willingness to stay.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • The Influences of Teamwork and Grit on Job Adaptation and Intention to Remain among Advanced Beginner Nurses
    Seon Kyeong Jeong, Kyoung Ja Kim, Eun Ji Choi
    Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration.2024; 30(4): 379.     CrossRef
  • 815 View
  • 25 Download
  • 1 Crossref
Causes and Effects of Burnout Experienced by Insurance Review Nurses: Focus Group Interview
Eun Sil Jeong, Seok Hee Jeong, Hyun Kyung Kim, Myoung Hee Seo
J Korean Acad Nurs Adm 2022;28(5):545-557.   Published online December 31, 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.11111/jkana.2022.28.5.545
Purpose
The aim of this study was to explore the causes and effects of burnout experienced by insurance review nurses working in hospitals. Methods: Data were collected from April to May, 2021, using focus group interviews. The study enrolled 19 insurance review nurses with at least one year of experience. Data were analyzed using the content analysis method. Results: Causes of burnout were divided into three categories: eight subcategories (feeling of insufficient competence in an insurance review, closed mind in a limited working space, incompetency from other departments, harsh words and deeds that exclude me, insurance cuts controlling my work performance, cloudy mind chased by the billing date, ineffective hospital information systems, and question with no answer) and 23 causes. The impact of burnout was divided into three categories: six subcategories (experiencing mental and physical symptoms, projecting one’s feelings into family or neglecting them, withdrawing myself, wearing a mask, decreased work performance, and desiring to leave one’s work), and 14 concepts. Conclusion: This study provides basic data for strategy development to prevent and solve burnout problems among insurance review nurses. It is important to develop programs and policies to solve the burnout problem of insurance review nurses in the future.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Demand for Simulation Education to Strengthen Patient Safety Competency of Graduated Nursing Students and New Nurses: Qualitative Content Analysis
    Jung Min Park, Sangeun Jun
    Journal of Korea Society for Simulation in Nursing.2024; 12(2): 17.     CrossRef
  • Development and Validation of the Job Competency Scale for Insurance Review Nurses Working in Hospital
    Song Hwa Nam, Eun A Kim
    Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration.2023; 29(5): 588.     CrossRef
  • 753 View
  • 8 Download
  • 2 Crossref
Influence of Self-Efficacy, Parenting Stress, and Organizational Culture on Health-Promoting Behavior of Married Nurses
Hanna Jung, Yu Jin Jung
J Korean Acad Nurs Adm 2022;28(5):522-533.   Published online December 31, 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.11111/jkana.2022.28.5.522
Purpose
This descriptive study investigated the influence of married nurses’ self-efficacy, parenting stress, and organizational culture on their health-promoting behaviors. Methods: Data were collected from 173 married nurses in G and B metropolitan city; the study was conducted from August to September 2019. Data were analyzed using the independent t-test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficient, and multiple regression with SPSS 18.0. Results: The most significant influencing factors on the health-promoting behavior of the subject were self-efficacy (β=.38, p<.001), followed by parenting stress (β=-.21, p=.002), education (β=-.20, p=.001), perceived health status (β=.19, p=.003) and the overall explanatory power was 42.0%. Conclusion: Based on the results, an intervention program that can increase their self-efficacy and reduce parenting stress is needed, considering education level of married nurses and their perceived health status to be developed.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Factors influencing quality of life among married nurses with children in Korea: a cross-sectional survey
    Yun Mi Kim
    Women's Health Nursing.2025; 31(3): 279.     CrossRef
  • Factors affecting human papillomavirus vaccination intentions of Vietnamese women living in Korea: a cross-sectional correlational study
    Haewon Lee, Seungmi Park
    Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science.2025; 27(4): 660.     CrossRef
  • 406 View
  • 10 Download
  • 2 Crossref
Purpose
This study examined outpatients’ experiences of patient participation, their level of patient satisfaction, and the factors that influence their patient satisfaction with outpatient care. Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive study utilized secondary data from the 2018 Survey on the Experience with Healthcare Service conducted in South Korea. Data from 6,684 outpatients over the age of 20 years who had visited hospitals were analyzed. Patient characteristics, health-related characteristics, and their experiences of patient participation were assessed as factors related to patient satisfaction. Factors that influenced patient satisfaction with outpatient care were identified using logistic regression analysis. Results: Overall, 84.9% of the participants were satisfied with the received outpatient care. Higher patient satisfaction with outpatient care was significantly associated with middle (40~59 years) and old age (≥60 years), good self-rated health status, and experience of patient participation in patient safety activities. Conclusion: Multiple factors were related to patient satisfaction with outpatient care. These factors need to be considered when evaluating patients’ satisfaction levels. To improve satisfaction with health care use, it is essential to provide more experiences and expand their opportunities for patient participation during the care process and establish healthcare policies and strategies to enhance patient participation in patient safety.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Key Factors Influencing Outpatient Satisfaction in Chronic Disease Care: Insights from the 2023 Korea HSES
    Yu-Jin Cha
    Healthcare.2025; 13(6): 655.     CrossRef
  • Shared Decision-Making in Korean Healthcare: A Scoping Review
    Yelim Kwon, Seungmin Nam, Soan Shin, Yoong Cho, Jihyun Yoon, Sang-Ho Yoo
    Journal of Korean Medical Science.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • The Effect of Patient Safety Experience on Patient Satisfaction of Patients Using Outpatient Health Services in Hospitals/Clinics
    Soojin Chung, Bomi An
    Journal of Health Informatics and Statistics.2023; 48(3): 252.     CrossRef
  • 547 View
  • 27 Download
  • 3 Crossref
Expectation of Medical Personnel for the Roles of the Physician Assistants in a University Hospital
Mi Jung Ryu, Mina Park, Joungohn Shim, Eunsung Lee, Insun Yeom, Young Mi Seo
J Korean Acad Nurs Adm 2022;28(1):31-42.   Published online January 31, 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.11111/jkana.2022.28.1.31
Purpose
The purpose of this study is to clearly classify the roles of Physician assistants and to identify obstacle factors and necessary factors for the operation of the system when they are performing the roles of Physician assistants. Methods: This is a descriptive research study to analyze the roles of Physician assistants and to understand the expected roles of Physician assistants according to each medical personnel (doctor, nurse, Physician assistants). Results: The obstacles to work are the lack of legal protection, and unclear work guidelines, and the matter necessary for the operation of the system is the legal protection. There were statistically significant differences in health collection ability, physical examination, drug response monitoring, and reporting in terms of the differences in role expectations considered by medical professionals regarding the roles of Physician assistants. Conclusion: Physician assistants need to develop various educational programs and materials, cultivate the ability to perform Physician assistants, and develop an advisory role through effective problem-solving between departments and increase the quality and satisfaction of Nursing care.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Legislation of Medical Support Tasks in the Nursing Act as a Foundation for Nursing Professionalism and Role Expansion
    Su Jung Choi
    Korean Journal of Adult Nursing.2025; 37(2): 69.     CrossRef
  • The Influence of Clinical Practice Nurses' Self-Leadership, Role Conflict, and Practice Environment on Patient Safety Competency
    Jeong Hwa Heo, Ji Hyun Sung
    Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration.2025; 31(4): 458.     CrossRef
  • Lessons from the US Advanced Practice Registered Nurse system
    Eun-Ok Im, Dongmi Kim
    Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2025; 55(4): 492.     CrossRef
  • Experiences of Patients and Their Families Receiving Medical Services Provided by Advanced Practice Nurses at Tertiary General Hospitals
    Mi-Kyeong Jeon, Su Jung Choi, Ji Eun Han, Eun Kyung Kwon, Jeong Hee Park, Jeong Hye Kim
    Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2024; 54(4): 594.     CrossRef
  • Legal and Practical Solutions for the Expanding the Roles of Medical Support Staff Nurses
    Su Jung Choi, Min Young Kim
    Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2024; 54(3): 300.     CrossRef
  • Reflections on the Prospects of Korean Advanced Practice Nurses : Based on Flexner’s Professional Characteristics
    Eun Mi Kim, Su Jung Choi
    Journal of Korean Critical Care Nursing.2023; 16(3): 1.     CrossRef
  • Development of Core Competency Scale for clinical nursing student educators
    Hyun Sook Park, Eun Hee Choi, Gyung Duck Kim, Young Hee Kim, Mi Yang Jeon, Hyenam Hwang
    The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education.2022; 28(4): 345.     CrossRef
  • 1,378 View
  • 63 Download
  • 7 Crossref
Quality Improvement Specialists' Experiences of Implementing an Assessment of Patients' Experiences in South Korea
Jeonghae Hwang, Eun Young Park, Bok Nam Kim, Moonsook Kim
J Korean Acad Nurs Adm 2022;28(1):1-8.   Published online January 31, 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.11111/jkana.2022.28.1.1
Purpose
The aim of this study was to explain the patient assessment experiences of the medical staff responsible for customer satisfaction and quality improvement at their respective medical institutions.
Methods
This was a qualitative study using a focus group with quality improvement or custom service department managers. Participants were selected using purposive sampling. Data collection was conducted with seventeen participants divided into three focus group interviews from July 3 to 5, 2017. Each interview took an average of 1 hour and 40 minutes. Transcribed data were analyzed using qualitative thematic analysis.
Results
Base on the analysis, four categories and eight themes were derived. The categories were: 1) what is the quality of hospital service? 2) between directionality and timeliness, 3) variations in recognition and application, and 4) changing in hospital culture Conclusion: The assessment of patient's experience has spread a patient-centered culture and elicited significant changes in the behavior of medical and hospital staff. However, the survey instruments and procedures for assessing patient experiences need to be continuously improved, and additional research is required to secure evidence related to patient experiences.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Perceptions of Ward Round Time: A Vignette-Based Study of Patients, Physicians, and Medical Students
    Ji Sun Park, Sun Young Lee, Un-Na Kim, Jae-Joon Yim, Hyeontaek Hwang, Yukyung Shin, Young Kyung Do
    Quality Improvement in Health Care.2025; 31(1): 65.     CrossRef
  • Impact of Sharia hospital service standards and religiosity commitment on patient satisfaction and loyalty: insights from certified Sharia hospital in Indonesia
    Ngatindriatun Ngatindriatun, Muhammad Alfarizi, Tika Widiastuti
    Journal of Islamic Accounting and Business Research.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • 2,027 View
  • 15 Download
  • 2 Crossref
Purpose
This study aimed to estimate the unmet demand for INCS and the number of needed beds for fulfillment. Methods: Annual data from the Korea Health Panel (2015~2018), Health Insurance Statistical Yearbook (2015~ 2019), and published statistical data (2015~2019) were used. To measure the unmet demand, the utilization of informal nursing care services, which can be a market substitute for INCS, was used. The number of needed beds was calculated by dividing the demand by the bed occupancy rate multiplied by 365 days. Results: The unmet demand decreased every year and was estimated to be 31~47 million person-day as of 2019. It was the highest in Gyeonggi (6~8 million) and the lowest in Jeju (160~220 thousand), while the fulfilled rate was the highest in Incheon (52~61%) and the lowest in Jeonbuk (6~8%). For each type, general hospitals showed the highest unmet demand (6~10 million), followed by hospitals (5~8 million) and tertiary hospitals (4~7 million). Gyeonggi province (37,212~48,882) and general hospitals (54,955~70,962) were most needed additional INCS beds. Conclusion: Tailored bed expansion strategies are necessary to satisfy each region's and hospital’s demand. Considering the multi-layered causes of unmet demand, a healthcare system reform that increases the regional self-sufficiency of INCS is required.

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Factors Affecting the Degree of Harm from Fall Incidents in Hospitals
Shinae Ahn, Da Eun Kim
J Korean Acad Nurs Adm 2021;27(5):334-343.   Published online December 31, 2021
DOI: https://doi.org/10.11111/jkana.2021.27.5.334
Purpose
This study aimed to examine the factors influencing the degree of harm caused by fall incidents in hospitals.
Methods
This cross-sectional descriptive study used secondary data from the “Korean Patient Safety Incident Report 2019” and was based on the International Classification for Patient Safety conceptual framework. We analyzed a total of 4,176 fall incidents between January 1 and December 31, 2019, in Korea. Multinomial logistic regression analyses were conducted to identify the factors that influence the degree of harm from these incidents.
Results
Among the fall incidents, 443 (10.6%) were sentinel events, 2,514 (60.2%) were adverse events, and 1,219 (29.2%) were near misses. The factors associated with sentinel events were old age (≥60 years), gender, patient diagnosis, medical department, early detection after falls, long-term care hospital, and reporters. Adverse events were significantly associated with diagnosis, medical department, nurses’ night shift time, large bed size, location (i.e., operating room, recovery room, and intensive care unit), and reporters.
Conclusion
Both patient and incident characteristics are significantly associated with the degree of harm in hospitals. Therefore, multiple factors should be considered to establish healthcare policies and thus prevent fall risks and minimize damage following falls in hospitals.

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    Soojin Chung, Jeongim Lee
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  • Determinants of Harm in Fall Incidents in Hospital Settings With 200 or More Beds in Korea
    Youngmi Kang, Eunyoung Hong
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  • Predictors of Nurses' Reporting Level by the Types of Patient Safety Incidents
    Ju-Hee Kang, Yeojin Yi
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    Sookhee Yoon, Myungsuk Kang
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  • 47 Download
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A Phenomenological Study on Nurses' Experience of Near Miss in Medication Administration
Jin Hee Park, Kyoung Ran Kong
J Korean Acad Nurs Adm 2021;27(3):127-137.   Published online June 30, 2021
DOI: https://doi.org/10.11111/jkana.2021.27.3.127
Purpose
The purpose of this study was to describe nurses' experience of near misses in medication errors. Methods: Data were collected from April, 3 to October 30, 2019 through in-depth interviews with nine nurses who had worked in hospitals. Data was analyzed using Colaizzi's phenomenological methodology. Results: The three themes that emerged from the analysis were: Shameful things to hide, Inevitable matter to happen, and Step to move forward. Conclusion: The result has shown that nurses' experience of near misses in medication administration has happened not only because of individual matters but also institutional problems. Therefore, to improve the situation and prevent serious medication errors for nurses, both, individual and institutional problems need to be assessed, analyzed and change.

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    Seongyoun Jang, Sujin Shin
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  • 60 Download
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A Study on Factors Affecting Near Misses by Nurses in Small-Medium Sized Hospitals
San-Na Lee, Seon-Ha Kim
J Korean Acad Nurs Adm 2021;27(2):75-83.   Published online March 31, 2021
DOI: https://doi.org/10.11111/jkana.2021.27.2.75
Purpose
The purpose of this study was to investigate the status of the near miss by nurses in small-medium hospitals and to identify the factors that affect the near miss. Methods: Data were collected using a structured questionnaire for small-medium sized hospital nurses who had worked for more than one year. A total of 243 questionnaires were used for analysis. The difference in the characteristics of the nurses according to the near miss experience was analyzed by the x 2 test, and the influence factor of the near miss was analyzed by logistic regression. Results: Overall, 155 nurses (63.8%) experienced near misses during the previous 1 year. Among those who experienced a near miss, the medication-related error was the highest at 58.3%. As a result of the stepwise logistic regression analysis, the odds ratio over time work of over 3 hours increased near misses 2.48 (95% CI: 1.21~5.08) compared to the group without overtime. Conclusion: Overtime work seems to be a significant factor in the near miss experience for small-medium hospital nurses.

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    Ju-Hee Kang, Yeojin Yi
    Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration.2025; 31(4): 434.     CrossRef
  • Association between Nurses’ Perceptions of Patient Safety Culture, Willingness to Report Near Misses, Critical Thinking Disposition, and Nursing Care Activities for Patient Safety
    Da Eun Lee, Bo Gyeong Lee
    Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration.2024; 30(3): 283.     CrossRef
  • Influence of Nursing Manager's Ethical Leadership Perceived by Nurses in Patient-Engaged Nursing Services: Mediating Effect of Patient Participation Culture
    Yea Seul Yoon, Yoonjung Ji, Tae Wha Lee
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  • A Survey on the Perception of Psychiatric Hospital Nurses on Patient Safety
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  • Effects of Perceived Safety Culture, Nursing Work Environment, and Professional Self-concept on Patient Safety Care Activity of Nurses in Small-medium Sized Hospitals
    Young Ok Cho, Myoung Soo Kim
    Journal of Health Informatics and Statistics.2022; 47(1): 66.     CrossRef
  • 1,896 View
  • 51 Download
  • 5 Crossref
Purpose
The purpose of this study was to explore the frequency of Type D Personality Pattern (TDPP) in shift work nurses who have irregular lifestyles and based on TDPP, to compare health promotion behavior (HPB), subjective health status (SHS), and job satisfaction. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional design was used with data collected from a convenience sample of 139 shift work nurses. The self-report questionnaires included Personality Scale, Health Promoting Lifestyle Profile II, Health Self Rating Scale, and Job Satisfaction Scale. Results: Fifty three nurses (38.1%) were found to have TDPP. Although there were no significant differences between groups with TDPP and with no TDPP, nurses with TDPP tend to be younger, live alone, and have less years of clinical experience. Also, SHS, HPB and job satisfaction were significantly lower in the nurses with TDPP than those with no TDPP. SHS was positively correlated with HPB and job satisfaction. Also, job satisfaction was positively correlated with HPB. Conclusion: TDPP in shift work nurses should be considered as TDPP is not a trait but a pattern. Therefore for shift work nurses, modifiable strategies should be effective in reducing the risk of developing TDPP and enhancing the nurses’ SHS, HPB, and job satisfaction.

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  • 31 Download
  • 6 Crossref
Communication Competence, Nursing Professionalism and Job Performance among Home Healthcare Nurses
Eunha Jeong, Sujeong Han
J Korean Acad Nurs Adm 2020;26(4):409-418.   Published online September 30, 2020
DOI: https://doi.org/10.11111/jkana.2020.26.4.409
Purpose
This study was done to identify the effects of communication competence and nursing professionalism on job performance among home healthcare nurses.
Methods
The participants were 116 home healthcare nurses working at the hospitals. Data were collected from February 11 to March 22, 2019 and were analyzed with Multiple Regression Analysis.
Results
The most influential factors on job performance were hospital type (β=-.21, p=.006), communication competence (β=.30, p=.001) and nursing professionalism (β=.32, p<.001) which together explained up to 40% of job performance.
Conclusion
To improve nursing performance of home healthcare nurses, it is necessary to develop programs and strategies to enhance communication competence and nursing professionalism.

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  • Factors Associated with Nurse Self-Leadership: A Cross-Sectional Study of Nurses Working at Public Health Centers and Primary Healthcare Posts
    Saeryun Kim, Younkyoung Kim
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    Young Jin Lee, Hyunjin Lee, Eun-Hi Choi
    Healthcare.2023; 11(18): 2547.     CrossRef
  • Factors Affecting Political Competency of Advanced Practice Nurses
    Wooyeong Park, Taewha Lee
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    Sunyoung Jung, Hyojung Park
    Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing.2022; 29(4): 451.     CrossRef
  • 1,162 View
  • 46 Download
  • 5 Crossref
Purpose
The purpose of this study was to investigate the moderating mediation effect of health-promoting lifestyle in the relationships between clinical nurses’ job stress, appreciation and mental health problems.
Methods
The participations were 230 clinical nurses working in general hospitals in Seoul City and Gyeonggi Province. Data were collected in November 2019 via an online survey that covered job stress, appreciation, health-promoting lifestyles and mental health problems. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS 25.0, SPSS PROCESS Macro(Model 4, Model 7) and bootstrapping method.
Results
Appreciation had a significant mediation effect in the relationship between job stress and mental health problems. Health-promoting lifestyle had a significant moderation effect in the relationship between job stress and appreciation. Further, health-promoting lifestyle significantly moderated mediation effect of job stress on mental health problems through appreciation.
Conclusion
The results of this study suggest that it is necessary to effectively manage health-promoting lifestyle in the context of clinical nurses’ mental health problems due to job stress. In order to improve clinical nurses’ mental health, it is necessary to provide them with increased appreciation and lead health-promoting lifestyle.

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  • Relationship of Job Stress to Turnover Intention in Hospital Nurses of Rural Areas: Job Embeddedness as a Mediator
    Eun Hee Kang, Im Sun Seo
    Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration.2022; 28(5): 534.     CrossRef
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  • 49 Download
  • 1 Crossref
Factors Influencing Healthcare Provider-Patient Communication of Patients with Chronic Diseases
Miyoung Kim, Jihae Lee, Eun-Young Doo
J Korean Acad Nurs Adm 2020;26(2):73-83.   Published online March 31, 2020
DOI: https://doi.org/10.11111/jkana.2020.26.2.73
Purpose
The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of e-health literacy in patients with chronic diseases on their healthcare provider-patient communication.
Methods
The participants were 184 patients with chronic illnesses admitted to a general hospital. Using a structured-questionnaire, data were collected from December 1 to 31, 2018. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Scheffé test, Pearson correlation coefficients, and multiple linear regression with IBM SPSS/WIN 22.0.
Results
Healthcare provider-patient communication was positively correlated with e-health literacy (r=.87, p <.001). Factors influencing healthcare provider-patient communication were e-health literacy (β=.87, p <.001), subjective health statues (β=.17, p =.011), health concerns (β=-.15, p <.001), number of questions during the hospital treatment (β=.14, p=.003), and education (β=-.14, p =.048). The input variables explained 70.8% of healthcare provider-patient communication.
Conclusion
The results of this study suggest that healthcare providers should provide reliable online health information to patients and encourage health-oriented attitudes in order to communicate about health information that patients obtained from online.

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    Hyojin Son, Youngran Han
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    Seonah Lee
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    Jinwook Yang, Kyenghee Kwon
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    Young-Eun Yi, Hyun-Ju Lee
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    Health Promotion International.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
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Effect of Nursing Organizational Culture, Organizational Health, and Job Crafting on Intent to Stay among Registered Nurses
Hun Ha Cho, Eun-Young Kim
J Korean Acad Nurs Adm 2020;26(2):172-180.   Published online March 31, 2020
DOI: https://doi.org/10.11111/jkana.2020.26.2.172
Purpose
The purpose of this study was to identify the effects of nursing organizational culture, organizational health, and job crafting on intent to stay among registered nurses. Methods: A cross sectional study design was used in this study. The participants were 210 nurses working at three hospitals in B city, South Korea. Data were collected from March 2 to 31 2018. A self-report questionnaire was used. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficients, and multiple regression analyses with the IBM/SPSS 25.0 for Window Program.
Results
Factors affecting intent to stay among registered nurses included relation oriented culture of nursing organization (β=.17, p=.029), organizational health (β=.16, p=.043), job crafting (β=.17, p=.031), and age(β= .25,p<.001), and these variables explained 25.0% of intent to stay (F=17.37, p<.001).
Conclusion
These findings show that there is a correlation between relation oriented culture of nursing organizational culture, organizational health, job crafting, and intent to stay among registered nurses. In order to increase nurses’ retention, it is important to establish a relation oriented culture in the nursing organization and to improve organizational health. Also, more attention should be paid to create positive job crafting to increase nurses’ intent to stay.

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Analysis of Patient Safety Incident in Korea
Nam Yi Kim
J Korean Acad Nurs Adm 2020;26(2):151-159.   Published online March 31, 2020
DOI: https://doi.org/10.11111/jkana.2020.26.2.151
Purpose
The purpose of this study was to analyze factors related to patient safety incidents by analyzing '2018 patient safety report data' for Korea, and to prepare a plan for preventing patient safety incidents.
Methods
Analysis was done for 2018 patient safety report data’published in 2019. In 2018, 9,250 patient safety incidents were reported, and for this study data (3,757) from hospitals with more than 500 beds were analyzed. SPSS 25.0 was used for the crosstabulation analysis and multinominal logistic regression.
Results
There were no factors affecting the sentinel event. The main factors of adverse events were age, patient room, treatment room, day duty of nurses, falls, transfusions, and medication.
Conclusion
In order to prevent patient safety incidents, elderly patients should receive verbal and nonverbal communication that will help them understand the complexity of the disease. Finding ways to reduce nurse overtime and reduce human error by computerizing patient monitoring systems, fall prevention activities, and patient safety regulations and procedures are necessary.

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    Minjung Ryu, Jun Su Park, Bomgyeol Kim, Suk-Yong Jang, Sang Gyu Lee, Tae Hyun Kim
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Factors Influencing Unmet Healthcare Needs among the Elderly with Cognitive Impairment in Korea
Da Eun Kim, Shinae Ahn
J Korean Acad Nurs Adm 2020;26(2):100-109.   Published online March 31, 2020
DOI: https://doi.org/10.11111/jkana.2020.26.2.100
Purpose
This study aimed to examine the prevalence of unmet healthcare needs and the factors that influence unmet healthcare needs among older people with cognitive impairment. Methods: A cross-sectional, descriptive design with secondary data from the 2017 National Survey of Older Koreans was used in this study. Data from 1,382 people over the age of 65 years with cognitive impairments were analyzed. Logistic regression analysis was conducted based on Andersen’s Behavioral Model of Health Services Use.
Results
Overall, 9.6% of the participants reported unmet healthcare needs during the previous 12 months. The main reasons for unmet healthcare needs were financial constraints (45.4%), mobility limitation (18.0%), and mildness of symptoms (14.9%). Higher unmet healthcare needs were significantly associated with fewer years of education, no family members providing caregiving or assistance with hospital visits, fewer close relatives, lower income, greater impairment in activities of daily living, and presence of depressive symptoms.
Conclusion
Our findings indicate that predisposing factors, enabling factors, and need factors were significantly associated with unmet healthcare needs among elderly individuals with cognitive impairment. Therefore, it is necessary to establish healthcare policies and strategies to improve the accessibility of healthcare services.

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    Run-Ping Che, Mei-Chun Cheung
    International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2022; 19(18): 11626.     CrossRef
  • Factors Affecting Unmet Healthcare Needs among Adults with Chronic Diseases
    Ji-Young Han, Hyeon-Sook Park
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    Su Yeon Kim, Wonjeong Jeong, Eun-Cheol Park, Sohee Park, Sung-In Jang, Arista Lahiri
    PLOS ONE.2021; 16(8): e0256222.     CrossRef
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    Hye-Young Jang, Young Ko, Song-Yi Han
    International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2020; 18(1): 27.     CrossRef
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    Suyon Baek, Eun-Hi Choi, Jungeun Lee
    International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2020; 17(21): 8241.     CrossRef
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Emotional Labor, Job Stress and Professional Quality of Life of Public Health Nurses according to the Employment Type
Kyung Sook Cho, Yunmi Kim
J Korean Acad Nurs Adm 2019;25(5):467-477.   Published online December 31, 2019
DOI: https://doi.org/10.11111/jkana.2019.25.5.467
PURPOSE
This study is a descriptive survey to identify emotional labor and job stress recognized in the course of administrative work, and how these affect the professional quality of life of public health nurses according to the employment type.
METHODS
Data was collected through a survey of public health nurses conducted from Dec. 2018 to Jan. 2019 (N=232).
RESULTS
The emotional labor of public health nurses was 3.27 out of 5 and full-time public health nurses had the highest scores. The job stress score was moderate at 2.45 out of four. The job stress of full-time nurses was also the highest. Among the sub-divisions of professional quality of life, compassion satisfaction was 3.55 out of five, while secondary traumatic stress was moderate at 2.48 and exhaustion at 3.01. Factors affecting compassion satisfaction were shown to be employment types and exhaustion. Factors affecting secondary traumatic stress were exhaustion, job stress and emotional labor. Factors affecting exhaustion were secondary traumatic stress and compassion satisfaction.
CONCLUSION
The results of this study shows that full-time public health nurses in charge of nursing organizations at public health centers have extreme difficulty with excessive role responsibilities, resulting in high emotional labor intensity and high job stress.

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    Shazia Nauman, Sania Zahra Malik, Farida Saleem, Sabreen Ashraf Elahi
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    Mi-Na Kim, Yang-Sook Yoo, Ok-Hee Cho, Kyung-Hye Hwang
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    Eunhee Hwang
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An Estimation of Supply and Demand for Primary Healthcare Nursing Workforce in the North Korean Region after Korean Reunification
Jinhyun Kim, Yoomi Jung, Heeseung Choi, Sun Mi Chae, Chae Weon Chung, Nary Chung, Meihua Piao
J Korean Acad Nurs Adm 2019;25(4):353-361.   Published online September 30, 2019
DOI: https://doi.org/10.11111/jkana.2019.25.4.353
PURPOSE
This study was done to estimate supply and demand for nursing workforce to provide community-based primary healthcare in the North Korean region to cost-efficiently narrow the health gap between the two Koreas in case of a Korean reunification.
METHODS
To understand the nursing education system and current state of nursing workforce in North Korea, the authors interviewed six North Korean defectors who had worked as nurses in North Korea. Based on the interview results and literature review, the supply and demand for the primary healthcare nursing workforce that would be needed after Korean reunification were estimated RESULTS: Currently, a total of 2,100 to 2,700 North Korean nurses were estimated to have graduated from nursing schools with a 2 year curriculum or completed 6-month military nurse training courses every year. The projected number of nurses in demand to provide primary health care ranged from 84,160 to 105,200 and the shortage would be between 31,586 and 52,626.
CONCLUSION
An active utilization of the North Korean nursing workforce to improve the health of North Koreans after reunification will be the best way to reduce the reunification cost which will be inflicted mainly on South Korea.

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    Sang Hui Chu, Jinsook Kim
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    Younhee Kang, Insook Yang, Eliza Lee, Chohee Bang
    International Nursing Review.2022; 69(4): 503.     CrossRef
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    Eunsuk Ahn, Ji-Hyoung Han, Kyung-Hee Kang, Young-Eun Jang, Ki-Ha Jeon, Jeong-Ran Park
    Journal of Dental Hygiene Science.2021; 21(1): 63.     CrossRef
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A Study of Desired Work Conditions of Nurses in Small-Medium Hospitals
Kwang Ok Park, Jong Kyung Kim
J Korean Acad Nurs Adm 2019;25(1):1-13.   Published online January 31, 2019
DOI: https://doi.org/10.11111/jkana.2019.25.1.1
PURPOSE
This study was done to analyze the problems and desired work conditions of nursing organizations in small-medium hospitals.
METHODS
Delphi Technique was used. In the first stage, the work conditions of nurses in small-medium hospitals were identified through a literature review. In the second stage, through 3 consultations with 20 nurse advisory groups, feedback was received on the desired work conditions for nurses in small-medium hospitals. In the third stage, 415 nurses and nurse managers were selected to examine the content validity and importance of the desired work conditions identified in the second stage.
RESULTS
Sixty-four items were developed along eight domains of desired work conditions for nurses in small-medium hospitals. The survey on the desired work conditions revealed the following in order of importance: ‘wages’, ‘personnel’, ‘job’, ‘work hours’, ‘welfare’, ‘education’, ‘culture’, and and ‘other incentives’.
CONCLUSION
The results of this study suggest that small-medium hospitals need to recognize the desired work conditions desired by nurses and accordingly change policies through the efforts of hospitals and professional groups.

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Factors Influencing Patient Safety Nursing Activities of Nurses in Long-term Care Hospitals
Ju Hui Moon, Sook Hee Yoon
J Korean Acad Nurs Adm 2018;24(4):307-318.   Published online September 30, 2018
DOI: https://doi.org/10.11111/jkana.2018.24.4.307
PURPOSE
The purpose of this study was to identify factors influencing patient safety nursing activities of nurses working in long-term care hospitals.
METHODS
The participants were 126 nurses working in 8 long-term care hospitals in B city. Data were collected from June 26 to July 10, 2017. SPSS/WIN 23.0 was used for analysis with t-test, ANOVA, Scheffé test, Pearson correlation coefficients, and hierarchical multiple regression.
RESULTS
The factors influencing patient safety nursing activities in participants were general characteristics, career in present long-term care hospital, (β=−.23, p=.008), safety control (β=.29, p=.002) and intention to report (β=.19, p=.037); on the personal side, informal communication (β=−.31, p=.005) for the organizational side. These factors contributed 39% of the total variance in patient safety nursing activities.
CONCLUSION
In the organizational dimension of long-term care hospital, formal communication channels should be strengthened to officially direct or report patient safety rather than using informal communication. In order to improve the sense of safety control, which is a personal side of long-term care hospital nurses, it is necessary to provide awareness and education about the continuous safety control and positively prepare the reporting atmosphere to increase long-term care hospital nurses' intention to report.

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PURPOSE
The aim of this study was to investigate e-health literacy and self-care agency of nursing students and non-health department women college students.
METHODS
A descriptive comparative design was used. Participants were 67 nursing students and 67 non-health department women college students between 18 and 25 years old from a university located in Seoul. Data collection was done from September 2 to October 5, 2016 using structured questionnaires. Data were analyzed using independent t-test, χ² test, ANCOVA, ANOVA, Scheffé test, and Pearson's correlation coefficients with SPSS 23.0.
RESULTS
e-Health literacy had significant difference (F=1.95, p<.018) between nursing students and non-health department women college students. However, self-care agency was not significantly different (F=1.05, p=.426). There were significant positive correlation (r=.63, p<.001) in e-health literacy and self-care agency of nursing students.
CONCLUSION
The results of this study suggest that education programs should be provided to improve the e-health literacy and self-care agency for women college students.

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PURPOSE
This study was done to identify the ways regional public hospital nurses perceive the healthcare accreditation system as related to their patient safety management activities and nursing performance.
METHODS
The participants were 190 nurses chosen with convenient sampling from nurses who worked at regional public hospitals that had obtained healthcare accreditation as of May, 2016 and who had experienced the healthcare accreditation process at least once and whose clinical experience was one year or longer. Collected data were analyzed using t-test, ANOVA, Scheffé test, Pearson correlation coefficients and multiple regression analysis.
RESULTS
There were significant positive correlations between perception of the Healthcare Accreditation System, patient safety management activities and nursing performance. Factors affecting patient safety management activities were activities to improve medical service quality, patient dissatisfaction and difficulties, changes and values. These factors explained 55.4% of variance in patient safety management activities (F=22.25, p<.001). The factors affecting nursing performance were being charge nurses and activities to improve medical service quality. These factors explained 48.1% of the variance in nursing performance (F=16.57, p<.001).
CONCLUSION
Finding indicate that positive perception of the healthcare accreditation system by nurses at local government institutions is a factor in heightening patient safety management activities and nursing performance.

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Effect of Hospital Nurses' Perceptions of Organizational Health and Patient Safety Culture on Patient Safety Nursing Activities
Mi Young Han, Myun Sook Jung
J Korean Acad Nurs Adm 2017;23(2):127-138.   Published online March 31, 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.11111/jkana.2017.23.2.127
PURPOSE
This study was conducted to identify the effects of organizational health and patient safety culture on nursing activities for patient safety as perceived by hospital nurses.
METHODS
A self-report survey was administered to staff nurses of one advanced general hospital and two general hospitals in South Korea. Of the questionnaires, 188 were analyzed.
RESULTS
Organizational health had a significantly positive correlation with patient safety culture (r=.52, p<.001) and patient safety nursing activities (r=.31, p<.001).
CONCLUSION
The findings in this study indicate that among the factors influencing patient safety nursing activities, organizational factors were more important than individual factors, and organizational health had a big effect on patient safety nursing activities.

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    Hana Kim, Mijeong Park, Jeongeun Kim, Jisan Lee
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Experience of Nurses Participating in Comprehensive Nursing Care
Kwang Ok Park, Mi Yu, Jong Kyung Kim
J Korean Acad Nurs Adm 2017;23(1):76-89.   Published online January 31, 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.11111/jkana.2017.23.1.76
PURPOSE
This study was conducted to examine the experience of nurse in comprehensive nursing care.
METHODS
Experiential data collected from 9 nurses through in-depth interviews. Participants were selected from nurses working in the comprehensive nursing care unit at general hospital. The main question was “Can you describe your experience in the comprehensive nursing care unit?” All interviews were recorded and transcribed, then analyzed using Colaizzi's method.
RESULTS
Nine themes were derived from the analysis: 'Practice nursing care', 'Feel thankful of the client', 'Difficulty in nursing due to absence of patients' guardian', 'Tired of over-demanding patient and distrust of guardian', 'Confusion regarding one's identity as a nurse', 'Not enough to support system','Insufficient pre-training for nurse and client', 'Requirement of work establishment for nurse and nurse aid', 'Concerns about low rewards and high safety accidents'.
CONCLUSION
As a comprehensive nursing service, the nurses provided total patient care, and patient satisfaction and expression of appreciation increased. However, disadvantages were identified, such as patients' excessive needs, communication difficulties, lack of support systems, low compensation, and a high number of safety accidents. Therefore, systematic comprehensive nursing will be achieved if these shortcomings are addressed.

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The Impacts of Nurses' Psycho-social Health and Social Support from Colleagues on Patient Caring Ability
Ji Yun Lee, So Young Pak
J Korean Acad Nurs Adm 2016;22(5):461-470.   Published online December 31, 2016
DOI: https://doi.org/10.11111/jkana.2016.22.5.461
PURPOSE
The purpose of this study was to identify the effect of nurses' psycho-social health and social support from colleagues on patient caring ability.
METHODS
A cross-sectional survey design was used and the participants in this study were 422 nurses from 3 general hospitals. Data were collected using a self-administered questionnaire and collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficients and multiple regression analysis with the SAS 9.4 program.
RESULTS
Total mean score for psychosocial health was 3.15±0.57, for social support from colleagues, 3.43±0.55, and for caring ability, 4.04±0.53. Psychosocial health, social support from colleagues, and married status were identified as significant factors influencing patient caring ability.
CONCLUSION
Findings from this study indicate that psychosocial health and social support from colleagues are related to patient caring ability, and thus, to improve nurses' caring ability for patient and for self, it is important to create a work environment that keeps nurses healthy and promotes collaboration with colleagues.

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Factors Influencing Intention of Vietnamese to Use Korean Medical Tourism
Young Hee Yom, Myoung Ae Kim
J Korean Acad Nurs Adm 2016;22(4):332-343.   Published online September 30, 2016
DOI: https://doi.org/10.11111/jkana.2016.22.4.332
PURPOSE
The purpose of this study was to identify factors related to Vietnamese customers who use Korean medical and tourism services. The study was based on the Anderson Models METHODS: Participants were 173 Vietnamese who were living in Ho Chi Minh and Hanoi in Vietnam. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, χ², t-test and Multiple Logistic Regression.
RESULTS
Research necessary factors had the most significant effect among the preceding factors, possible factors and necessary factors. Human service and outstanding natural beauty of necessary factors had significant influence on customer intention to use. According to the result of the stepwise logistic regression analysis, the most important item in medical services was human service OR=1.89 (p=.014), and for tour services, outstanding natural beauty OR=4.30 (p=.033). The explained variance for customer intention to use was 91.9%.
CONCLUSION
These results suggest the need to improve the human service and outstanding natural beauty to retain customers' intention to use.
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PURPOSE
This study was done to build and verify a model of clinical nurses' turnover intention using organizational characteristics, job satisfaction and job embeddedness.
METHODS
The study participants were 389 hospital nurses. SPSS and AMOS 22.0 program were used to analyze the data and the modeling of turnover intention.
RESULTS
A total of 41% of turnover intention was explained by job satisfaction, job embeddedness and organizational characteristics. Nurses with higher job satisfaction and job embeddedness showed lower turnover intention, while organizational characteristics had an indirect effect on their turnover intention. It was found that organizational characteristics had positive effects on both job satisfaction and job embeddedness, and job embeddedness played a mediating role between organizational characteristics and turnover intention.
CONCLUSION
To reduce nurses' turnover intention, hospitals' organizational characteristics should be considered. Nurse managers should strive to increase nurses' job satisfaction and job embeddedness through an understanding of the factors of organizational characteristics such as organizational fairness, nursing work environment, motivation, organizational citizenship behavior, and transformational leadership.

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Job Analysis of Health Guide Nurse for Role Identification: Focusing on Annual Health Guidance Membership Service
Won Hee Sim, Joo Yun Lee
J Korean Acad Nurs Adm 2016;22(2):129-136.   Published online March 31, 2016
DOI: https://doi.org/10.11111/jkana.2016.22.2.129
PURPOSE
The aim of this study was to identify nurses' role in the delivery of health guidance service within the annual health guidance membership service.
METHODS
Dynamic job analysis process was applied with vertical job analysis and horizontal job analysis through a focus group workshop and expert survey.
RESULTS
As a result of this study, job description was established with 4 duties, 11 tasks, 60 task elements. Major duties consisted of 'professional nurse practice', 'coordination and cooperation', 'education and consultation', and 'administrative work and improvement'. A job process map was also framed.
CONCLUSION
The results can be used to establish nurses' role in providing health care service. Ongoing research on nurse's role as a health guider will be a fundamental base for health care service development and will contribute to expansion of common health management services.
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The Impact of Psychosocial Health and Self-nurturance on Graduate Nurse Experience
Ji Yun Lee, Mi Ja Lee, So Young Pak
J Korean Acad Nurs Adm 2015;21(5):459-468.   Published online December 31, 2015
DOI: https://doi.org/10.11111/jkana.2015.21.5.459
PURPOSE
The purpose of this study was to identify the effect of Psychosocial health and Self-nurturance on the experience of new graduate nurses.
METHODS
A cross-sectional survey design was used. The participants in this study were 149 nurses who had less than 12 months of nursing experience and were working at one of 4 general hospitals. The data were collected by a self-administered questionnaire from Nov. 2012 to Oct. 2014.
RESULTS
The total mean score for Psychosocial health was 3.07+/-0.60, Self-nurturance, 3.38+/-0.44, and graduate nurse experience, 2.59+/-0.27. The effect of Psychosocial health and Self-nurturance predicted 23% of variance in graduate nurse experience.
CONCLUSION
These results indicate that Psychosocial health and Self-nurturance have a positive relationship to graduate nurse experience. Therefore, further studies including approaches that support Psychosocial health and Self-nurturance are recommended to help in the adaptation of newly graduated nurses to clinical settings.

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Factors Influencing Chinese Customers' Loyalty to Korean Medical and Tourism Services
Young Hee Yom, Myoung Ae Kim, Jung Hee Han
J Korean Acad Nurs Adm 2015;21(3):317-326.   Published online June 30, 2015
DOI: https://doi.org/10.11111/jkana.2015.21.3.317
PURPOSE
The purpose of this study was to identify factors related to the loyalty of Chinese customers who use Korean medical and tourism services.
METHODS
Participants were 158 Chinese who visited plastic surgery clinics in Korea. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, One-way ANOVA, Scheffe? test, Pearson Correlation and Hierachical Multiple Regression.
RESULTS
Medical service quality, tourism service quality and medical and service satisfaction were positively correlated with customer loyalty. Medical service quality and medical and tourism service satisfaction had significant influence on customer loyalty. The explained variance for customer loyalty was 84.9%.
CONCLUSION
These results suggest the need to improve the tourism service and medical and tourism service satisfaction to retain loyal customers.

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Relationship of Smartphone Addiction to Physical Symptoms and Psychological Well-being among Nursing Students: Mediating Effect of Internet Ethics
Hyuju Dan, Nohyun Bae, Chongmo Koo, Xianghua Wu, Miyoung Kim
J Korean Acad Nurs Adm 2015;21(3):277-286.   Published online June 30, 2015
DOI: https://doi.org/10.11111/jkana.2015.21.3.277
PURPOSE
This study was done to identify the status of smartphone addiction among nursing students and to examine the mediating effects of Internet ethics on the relationship between smartphone addiction, physical symptoms and psychological well-being.
METHODS
Data were collected between May 20 and June 23, 2014. Participants were a convenience sample of 214 nursing students of one university in Seoul. Structured questionnaires were used to measure degree of smartphone addiction, physical symptoms, psychological well-being and Internet ethics. Data was analyzed using Independent t-test, One-way ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficient, multiple hierarchical regression.
RESULTS
Of the nursing students, 14.5% had high level of risk of smartphone addiction and 16.8% had potential risk. Higher frequency of physical symptoms and lower level of Internet ethics were related to the higher level of smartphone addiction. Voluntary-control in Internet ethics had mediating effects on the relationship between smartphone addiction and physical symptoms.
CONCLUSION
The results suggest that the level of smartphone addiction may lowered in nursing students by intensifying Internet ethics especially voluntary-control. Based on these findings, Internet ethics program for nursing students should be developed to facilitate the effective use of smartphones.

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Practical Communication Strategies to Improve the Surgical Outcomes in a Pediatric Cardiac Intensive Care Unit
Ju Yeon Uhm, Worlsook Lee
J Korean Acad Nurs Adm 2015;21(3):243-253.   Published online June 30, 2015
DOI: https://doi.org/10.11111/jkana.2015.21.3.243
PURPOSE
The purpose of this study was to identify the impact of practical communication strategies (PCS) on the reduction of AEs (Adverse Events) in pediatric cardiac ICU (PCICU).
METHODS
Intra-operative findings and care plans were documented and shared between staff members on a daily basis from the day of operation to the day of general ward transfer. Incidence of AEs was investigated in all patients who were admitted to the PCICU and was compared with incidence of AEs one year after establishment of PCS.
RESULTS
The study population consisted of 216 patients in pre-PCS group and 156 patients in post-PCS group. Incidence of readmission decreased from 6.0% (13/216) in pre-PCS group to 0.6% (1/156) in post-PCS group (chi2=7.23, p=.010). Incidence of other major complications decreased from 4.2% (9/216) to 0.6% (chi2=6.66, p=.012). Minor AEs such as intervention omission, order error, and protocol misunderstanding were reduced from 23.3 cases per 100 patient-days to 7.5 cases per 100 patient-days (chi2=20.31, p<.001).
CONCLUSION
Handover protocol is an effective strategy to reduce AEs for critically ill patients after pediatric cardiac surgery. Efforts to develop effective communication strategies should be continued and outcome research about communication strategies for patient safety should be further studied.
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Concept Analysis of Health Inequalities
Jeong Ok Kwon, Eun Nam Lee, Sun Hyoung Bae
J Korean Acad Nurs Adm 2015;21(1):20-31.   Published online January 31, 2015
DOI: https://doi.org/10.11111/jkana.2015.21.1.20
PURPOSE
The purpose of this study was to explore ways to define the concept of health inequality.
METHODS
The concept analysis process by Walker and Avant was used to clarify the meaning of health inequality.
RESULTS
Defining attributes of health inequality included differences in health status between individuals or groups, infringement of fundamental rights to health, unfair use of medical services, and social discrimination. The antecedents of health inequality included differences in demographic characteristics (age, gender, education, occupation, residential location), limitations in accessibility to health care, and social exclusion. Consequences of health inequality were increased costs for medical care, decreased health-related quality of life, and lack of ability to cope with health problems resulting in crisis situations, increases in morbidity and mortality, and shortening of life span. The concept was clarified through presentation of model, borderline, related, and contrary cases.
CONCLUSION
Results of this study can be used to guide the direction of future studies through concept analysis in which conceptual attributes in the context of health inequality are examined. Also, based on the result of this study, development of standardized tools to measure health inequality is recommended as well as development of educational programs to reduce health inequalities.

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Effects of Health Belief on Fall Prevention Activities of Emergency Room Nurses
Min Kyoung Park, Hyun Young Kim
J Korean Acad Nurs Adm 2014;20(2):176-186.   Published online March 31, 2014
DOI: https://doi.org/10.11111/jkana.2014.20.2.176
PURPOSE
The purpose of this study was to analyze factors affecting fall prevention activities of emergency room (ER) nurses based on their health belief factors (perceived susceptibility, perceived benefits, perceived severity, perceived barriers, and cues to action).
METHODS
The study design was a descriptive survey using questionnaires which were given to 127 emergency room nurses from two regional emergency medical centers, four local emergency medical centers, and two local emergency medical facilities. Data were analyzed using descriptive analysis, t-test, one-way ANOVA with LSD test, Pearson correlation, and multiple regressions.
RESULTS
ER nurses' fall prevention activities had a mean of 3.78+/-0.50. Eight individual characteristics and health belief factors accounted for 30.8% of the fall prevention activities. Fall prevention activities were found to be positively affected by emergency medical facilities, perceived benefits, and cues to action and negatively affected by factors, such as ER career and perceived severity.
CONCLUSION
The results indicate that it is necessary to formulate a plan for enhancing perceived benefits and cues to action to improve fall prevention activities. In addition, fall prevention activities should be encouraged for ER nurses who have worked in local medical institutions for less than 1 year or more than 5 years.

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Psychological Well-being, Perceived Health Status, and Health Promoting Behavior of Clinical Nurses
Yune Jung Choi, Young Hee Sung
J Korean Acad Nurs Adm 2013;19(5):589-598.   Published online December 31, 2013
DOI: https://doi.org/10.11111/jkana.2013.19.5.589
PURPOSE
This study was designed to assess the degree of psychological well-being, perceived health status, and health promoting behavior of clinical nurses, and to identify correlations between variables.
METHODS
Participants were 194 nurses working at S hospital, Seoul and data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, ANOVA, Duncan's test, Pearson correlation coefficient, and multiple regressions.
RESULTS
Mean scores were 3.45 (5 point scale) for psychological well-being, 2.82(4 point scale) for perceived health status, and 2.30(4 point scale) for health promoting behavior. Psychological well-being correlated positively with perceived health status (r=.34, p<.001). Perceived health status showed a positive correlation with health promoting behavior (r=.30, p<.001). There was a positive correlation between psychological well-being and health promoting behavior (r=.52, p<.001). Personal growth(t=2.85, p=.005), purpose in life (t=2.30, p=.023) among subscales of psychological well-being, and perceived health status (t=2.13, p=.034) had a significant influence on health promoting behavior. These combinations explained 32.1% of health promoting behavior (F=12.58, p<.001).
CONCLUSION
The results of this study suggest strategies to improve health promoting behavior by enhancing psychological well-being of nurses. Furthermore, a study to identify the effects of developed and applied psychological well-being promotion program should be conducted.

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A Comparative Study on Nursing Practice Environment, Professionalism, and Job Satisfaction according to Hospital Size
Mi Hye Lee, Jong Kyung Kim
J Korean Acad Nurs Adm 2013;19(4):470-479.   Published online September 30, 2013
DOI: https://doi.org/10.11111/jkana.2013.19.4.470
PURPOSE
This study was conducted to investigate and compare the characteristics and relations of nursing practice environment, professionalism and job satisfaction among nurses in general hospitals according to hospital size.
METHODS
The participants included 314 staff and charge nurses who were working in the general medical/surgical nursing units in one large hospital, three medium sized hospitals, and four small hospitals. Data collected through using self-report questionnaire were analyzed using the SPSS and SAS statistical programs.
RESULTS
Nursing practice environment and job satisfaction had significant differences according to hospital size. Both of these scales were highest for medium hospitals and lowest for small hospitals. For all hospital sizes there were positive correlations between each of the variables. Multiple regression analysis showed that both nursing practice environment and job satisfaction were affected by hospital size, but professionalism was not.
CONCLUSION
The results of this study indicate that nursing practice environment and job satisfaction vary with the size of the hospital. Therefore, further study is necessary to identify the work environment variables of nurses for performance management and to implement appropriate policies.

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Factors Influencing Happiness Index of Hospital Nurses
Moon Hee Nam, Young Chae Kwon
J Korean Acad Nurs Adm 2013;19(3):329-339.   Published online June 30, 2013
DOI: https://doi.org/10.11111/jkana.2013.19.3.329
Retraction in: J Korean Acad Nurs Adm 2015;21(5):587
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