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Original Articles
The Influence of Clinical Practice Nurses' Self-Leadership, Role Conflict, and Practice Environment on Patient Safety Competency
Jeong Hwa Heo, Ji Hyun Sung
J Korean Acad Nurs Adm 2025;31(4):458-468.   Published online September 30, 2025
DOI: https://doi.org/10.11111/jkana.2025.0018
Purpose
This study aimed to examine the relationships among self-leadership, role conflict, practice environment, and patient safety competency, and to identify factors influencing patient safety competency in clinical practice nurses. Methods: A total of 152 clinical practice nurses from four university hospitals participated in this cross-sectional study. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire and analyzed to identify key predictors of patient safety competency. Results: Patient safety competency was positively associated with self-leadership, the practice environment, and the presence of regular educational programs tailored for clinical practice nurses. Self-leadership and the practice environment were identified as significant predictors, explaining 30% of the variance in patient safety competency. Conclusion: The findings underscore the importance of fostering self-leadership and enhancing the practice environment to improve patient safety competency among clinical practice nurses. Tailored education and training programs aimed at strengthening self-leadership skills should be developed. Additionally, organizational efforts to optimize the clinical practice environment are essential to support safe and effective nursing practice.
  • 985 View
  • 54 Download
Predictors of Nurses' Reporting Level by the Types of Patient Safety Incidents
Ju-Hee Kang, Yeojin Yi
J Korean Acad Nurs Adm 2025;31(4):434-445.   Published online September 30, 2025
DOI: https://doi.org/10.11111/jkana.2025.0008
Purpose
This study aimed to examine the predictors of nurses’ incident reporting by dividing the level of patient safety incident (near miss, no harm, harmful incident) reporting into upper and lower level groups. Methods: Data were collected from 208 nurses working in a hospital from March 29 to April 6, 2022. Logistic regression analysis was used to determine the predictors of nurses’ reporting level. Results: Predictors of the upper level group of near miss reporting were belief in improvement (odds ratio [OR], 2.40; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.27-4.53), reporting intention (OR, 2.00; 95% CI, 1.15-3.47), patient safety knowledge (OR, 2.16; 95% CI, 1.16-4.01). Predictors of the upper level group no harm incidents reporting were reporting training (OR, 1.38; 95% CI, 1.01-1.90), belief in improvement (OR, 2.00; 95% CI, 1.01-3.95), patient safety knowledge (OR, 2.41; 95% CI, 1.17-4.98). In the case of harmful incident reporting, the predictor was patient safety attitude (OR, 9.32; 95% CI, 2.77-31.38). Conclusion: The reporting level varies depending on the type of patient safety incidents. Managing nurses' individual characteristics, such as their beliefs in improvement, patient safety knowledge, and attitude is a key strategy for enhancing incident reporting level. Nursing managers should be aware that not all harmful incidents are being reported.
  • 741 View
  • 53 Download
Purpose
This study examined factors influencing patient safety nursing activities in integrated nursing care units. Methods: A survey was conducted with 134 nurses from hospitals (100~300 beds) in Busan using self-administered questionnaires (August 17–September 15, 2024). Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation, and multiple regression analysis. Results: The mean score for patient safety nursing activities was 4.31±0.55. Positive correlations were found with grit, teamwork, communication, and patient safety culture awareness. The predictor variables explained 46.0% of the variance in patient safety nursing activities. Significant factors included communication (β=.31, p=.032) and leadership (β=.29, p=.035) within teamwork, incident reporting frequency (β=.24, p<.001) within patient safety culture awareness, and experience in patient safety education (β=.17, p=.018). Conclusion: The findings of this study highlight the importance of enhancing teamwork, particularly in leadership and communication, and creating a safety culture that promotes incident reporting and education to strengthen patient safety nursing practices. Improving patient safety training, developing systematic evaluation and feedback mechanisms, and establishing structured support systems through campaigns and workshops will boost staff involvement and elevate the quality of patient safety practices.
  • 1,933 View
  • 169 Download
Purpose
This study aimed to examine the mediating role of nursing professionalism in the relationship between critical thinking disposition and medication safety competency among peri-anesthesia nurses.
Methods
Data were collected from 128 peri-anesthesia nurses with at least six months of experience in recovery-related departments across medical institutions nationwide. The analysis was conducted using IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, version 24.0, including descriptive statistics, t-tests, one-way ANOVA, Scheffé tests, Pearson’s correlation coefficients, stepwise multiple regression, and the SPSS Process Macro.
Results
Medication safety competency showed a significant positive correlation with critical thinking disposition (r=.79, p<.001) and nursing professionalism (r=.80, p<.001). Similarly, critical thinking disposition was positively correlated with nursing professionalism (r=.78, p<.001). Nursing professionalism was identified as a partial mediator in the relationship between critical thinking disposition and medication safety competency, with a 95% confidence interval of .11 to .63.
Conclusion
Critical thinking disposition significantly enhances medication safety competency, with nursing professionalism serving as a partial mediator. These findings underscore the importance of developing targeted educational programs to foster critical thinking skills and nursing professionalism, ultimately improving medication safety competency among peri-anesthesia nurses.
  • 1,631 View
  • 65 Download
Purpose
This study aimed to explore the mediating role of organizational silence in the effect of leader-member exchange on patient safety culture among perioperative nurses.
Methods
This descriptive study surveyed 201 perioperative nurses from five university hospitals. Data were collected via online questionnaires from November 8, 2022, to February 6, 2023, measuring demographics, work-related factors, leader-member exchange, organizational silence, and patient safety culture. The Data were analyzed using SPSS 26.0 and PROCESS Macro model 4.
Results
Leader-member exchange showed a significant direct effect on patient safety culture (β=.44, p<.001). The indirect effect of leader-member exchange on patient safety culture through acquiescent silence was also significant (β=.05, 95% CI: 0.02 to 0.13). The total effect of leader-member exchange on patient safety culture (β=.52, p<.001) was larger than its direct effect, indicating that acquiescent silence partially mediated the relationship between leader-member exchange and patient safety culture.
Conclusion
To improve perioperative nurses perception of patient safety culture, healthcare organizations should enhance leader-member exchange by promoting strong emotional connections and open communication between nurse managers and staff nurses. Additionally, encouraging autonomous decision-making and reducing acquiescent silence are essential to facilitate the active expression of patient safety concerns.
  • 994 View
  • 48 Download
Purpose
This study aimed to identify the factors influencing nurses’ perceptions of the disclosure of patient safety incidents in tertiary hospitals.
Methods
As a descriptive study, data were collected from 315 nurses working in two tertiary hospitals in Busan via structured self-report questionnaires from June 28 to September 3, 2023, through an online survey. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson’s correlation coefficients, and hierarchical regression analysis with SPSS/WIN 27.0.
Results
Analysis was conducted by controlling for the characteristics of the study participants, which revealed significant differences in their perceptions of the disclosure of patient safety incidents. Ethical nursing competence (β=.30, p<.001) and patient safety culture (β=.15, p=.012) were significant influencing factors on the perception of such disclosure, and the explanatory power of the regression model was 21.0% (F=14.63, p<.001).
Conclusion
To enhance the aforementioned perception among nurses in tertiary hospitals, healthcare institutions should provide learning opportunities to improve their ethical nursing competence. Fostering an organizational culture that promotes and encourages open disclosure of patient safety incidents is also essential.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Impact of Nursing Professionalism, Ethical Sensitivity, and the Clinical Learning Environment on Nursing Students' Intention to Report Near Misses and Adverse Events
    Sookhee Yoon, Ha-Young Park
    Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing.2025; 32(2): 209.     CrossRef
  • Factors Influencing End-of-life Care Competency in Nursing Students
    Jinryung Park, Minjeong Seo
    Korean Journal of Medical Ethics.2024; 27(4): 267.     CrossRef
  • 3,328 View
  • 101 Download
  • 2 Crossref
Purpose
This study examined the influence of patient safety management systems, leadership, and communication types on nurses’ patient safety management activities.
Methods
Participants were 237 nurses who has been working in medical institutes for over 6 months. Online self-report questionnaires were conducted. Measures included patient safety management systems, transformational leadership, authentic leadership, communication types, and patient safety management activities. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson’s correlation coefficients, and multiple regression with SPSS/WIN 24.0.
Results
According to the general characteristics, patient safety management activities were higher among nurses who were female (t=4.27, p<.001), charge nurses (t=-2.41, p=.016), had healthcare accreditation experience (t=4.36, p<.001), and worked in nursing units implementing a team nursing method (F=6.26, p=.002) with more than 30 nurses (F=6.28, p=.043). Female nurses (β=.16, p=.015) with high authentic leadership (β=.21, p=.002), low informal communication (β=-.21, p=.004), and high downward communication (β=.19, p=.009) showed higher patient safety management activities. The models' explanatory power was 21.0%.
Conclusion
Based on the results of this study, further research is needed to investigate the differences in patient safety management activities according to gender, the number of nurses per ward, and the nursing delivery system. Lowering informal communication and strengthening authentic leadership and downward communication may improve nurses’ patient safety management activities.
  • 3,367 View
  • 222 Download
Effects of Nurse-Nurse Collaboration and Nurse-Physician Collaboration on Nursing Performance in Nurses: The Mediating Effect of Patient Safety Management Activities
JaHyun Kim, Seok Hee Jeong, Hee Sun Kim, Sunmi Kim
J Korean Acad Nurs Adm 2024;30(4):343-356.   Published online September 30, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.11111/jkana.2024.30.4.343
Purpose
This study investigated the mediating effects of patient safety management activities on the relationship between nurse-nurse collaboration, nurse-physician collaboration, and nursing performance of clinical nurses.
Methods
Online survey was performed from February 18 to February 28, 2023 using structured questionnaires. The participants were 212 clinical nurses working in tertiary general hospitals in South Korea. The participants completed self-reporting questionnaires, that measured nurse-nurse collaboration, nurse-physician collaboration, nursing performance, and patient safety management activities. Data were analyzed using SPSS 29.0 program, for multiple regression and a simple mediation model, applying the PROCESS macro with a 95% bias-corrected bootstrap confidence interval.
Results
Nurses' patient safety management activities had a mediating effect on the relationship between nurse-nurse collaboration and nursing performance (B=0.24, Boot 95% CI=0.16∼0.34). In addition, patient safety management activities showed a mediating effect on the relationship between nurse-physician collaboration and nursing performance (B=0.10, Boot 95% CI=0.07∼0.15).
Conclusion
The levels of nurse-nurse collaboration, nurse-physician collaboration, and patient safety management activities must be considered when developing strategies to improve nurses’ performance in nursing practice settings.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Nurses’s Experience with Department Transfer Following Sudden Ward Closure after a Collective Resignation of Residents
    Yeon Hee Kim, Jeong Min Jo, Hye Mi Kim, Gyu Ri An, Na Yeon Lee, Hee Suk Ha
    Journal of Korean Association for Qualitative Research.2025; 10(1): 14.     CrossRef
  • 6,696 View
  • 408 Download
  • 1 Crossref
Improving Handover Efficiency for Emergency Nurses
Seungeun Lee, Heeje Yun, Yukyung Lee, Minji Kang, Eunbi Jo, Sunjong Yoo, I Gyeong Jo, Jung Hwan Heo, Min Jin Choi
J Korean Acad Nurs Adm 2024;30(3):294-305.   Published online June 30, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.11111/jkana.2024.30.3.294
Purpose
Patient handovers are critical for patient safety. Studies have shown that nurses are often interrupted during handovers, and standardized guidelines are lacking. This study aimed to develop and evaluate the effectiveness of a new handover method for emergency nurses.
Methods
This quasi-experimental study implemented a new handover method from August 1, 2022, at the emergency department of a university hospital. Pre- (34 responses) and post-(16 responses, six months later) surveys and post-interviews (six participants) were conducted. In the pre-survey, data were collected regarding handover-related characteristics, cause of handover error, handover perception and handover error experience. Data regarding handover perception and handover error experience were obtained again at the post-survey. Wilcoxon’s signed rank test was used to compare handover perception and handover error experience. The interview results were analyzed using inductive content analysis.
Results
There were no significant differences in information quality or interaction and support, but the new handover method was more efficient, and handover errors decreased. Four themes were identified from interview responses.
Conclusion
By providing a quiet place and allowing emergency nurses to independently review patient records during handovers, we expect to maintain nursing continuity, increase efficiency, and ultimately ensure patient safety and nurses’ job satisfaction.
  • 1,366 View
  • 85 Download
Purpose
Nursing care activities for patient safety are important to prevent accidents. This study aimed to examine the association between nurses’ perception of patient safety culture, willingness to report near misses, critical thinking disposition, and nursing care activities for patient safety.
Methods
In this cross-sectional study, data were obtained from online surveys conducted with 201 ward nurses. An independent t-test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson’s correlation coefficient test, and multiple linear regression analysis were performed using IBM SPSS/WIN 21.0.
Results
Perceptions of patient safety culture, willingness to report near misses, critical thinking disposition, and nursing activities for patient safety were all correlated with each other. According to the regression model, significant factors influencing nursing care activities for patient safety were medical ward (β=-.28, p=.010), critical thinking disposition (β=.27, p<.001), willingness to report near misses (β=.19, p=.004), perceptions of patient safety culture (β=.19, p=.007), and work experience (β=-.18, p=.016).
Conclusion
Improving nurses’ perceptions of patient safety culture, promoting the reporting of near misses, and strengthening nurses' critical thinking dispositions can foster patient-safety nursing care activities. Additionally, a tailored patient safety education program that considers nursing work experience may be appropriate for patient-safety nursing care activities.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Impact of Grit, Teamwork, Organizational Communication Competence, Perception of Patient Safety Culture on Patient Safety Nursing Activities in Integrated Nursing Care Units
    Jeeseon Kim, Haejung Lee
    Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration.2025; 31(3): 237.     CrossRef
  • 3,045 View
  • 147 Download
  • 1 Crossref
Relationships among Nursing Skill Mix, Missed Nursing Care, and Adverse Events in Small and Medium-Sized Hospital Comprehensive Nursing Care Wards
Yoon Sook Cho, Hyoung Eun Chang, Hyunjung Lee
J Korean Acad Nurs Adm 2024;30(2):163-174.   Published online March 31, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.11111/jkana.2024.30.2.163
Purpose
This study aimed to investigate the relationships among nursing skill mix, missed nursing care, and adverse events according to the nursing skill mix and the factors influencing.
Methods
This study is a descriptive survey that used survey data were collected from 158 nurses working in comprehensive nursing care wards in small and medium-sized hospitals. The data were analyzed using the t-test, analysis of variance, and multiple regression analysis.
Results
The average age of the study participants was 37.9 years, and they had over 10 years of experience. The average mean ratio of nursing skill mix 1 was 69.98. For nursing skill mix 2, the average mean ratio was 68.44%. The mean score for missed nursing care was 1.33, and the mean score for adverse events was 1.90 points. The factors affecting adverse events experience were missed nursing care, total work experience of >3 years, number of beds between ≥200 and <300.
Conclusion
Our findings suggest that patient safety and management education should consider the nurses’ age and total work experience. Furthermore, nursing workforce management, particularly focusing on nursing assistants in small- and medium-sized hospitals, is essential for fostering a safer healthcare environment.
  • 639 View
  • 31 Download
Purpose
This study examined the effect of missed nursing care on nursing sensitive indicators.
Methods
A nationwide cross-sectional survey was conducted using structured questionnaires. Data of 174 clinical nurses employed in general or tertiary hospitals were collected through proportional quota sampling; the quota used was the location of a working hospital in South Korea. Data were collected through an online survey and snowball sampling from July 16 to July 20, 2022. The collected data were analyzed using IBM SPSS 26.0.
Results
Missed nursing care had statistically significant negative correlations with patient safety management activity and job satisfaction, and significant positive correlation with turnover intention. Significant correlation was not found between missed nursing care and adverse event experiences. Hierarchical multiple regression analysis revealed that missed nursing care explained an additional 21%p of patient safety management activity, 14%p of job satisfaction, and 3%p of turnover intention. Thus, missed nursing care was found to be a statistically significant predictor of patient safety management activity, job satisfaction, and turnover intention.
Conclusion
Missed nursing care significantly affects nursing sensitive indicators. To improve positive outcomes and decrease negative outcomes, nurses and nursing managers must make efforts to minimize missed nursing care.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Effect of Nursing Professionalism on Turnover Intention among Nurses: The Mediating Effect of Job Embeddedness
    Ja In Kim, Seok Hee Jeong, Hyoung Eun Chang, Sunmi Kim
    Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration.2025; 31(4): 446.     CrossRef
  • Effects of presenteeism on turnover intention in clinical nurses through the serial mediating roles of missed nursing care and job satisfaction: a cross-sectional predictive correlational study
    Hyeonseon Cheon, Seok Hee Jeong, Hyun Kyung Kim, Hyoung Eun Chang
    Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2025; 55(4): 584.     CrossRef
  • Role of Hi-Tech Call Center Employees’ ESG Activity Recognition in Increasing Corporate Performance via Organizational Identification and Job Satisfaction
    So Ra Park
    Journal of Digital Contents Society.2024; 25(2): 503.     CrossRef
  • Impact of Emotional Labor and Positive Psychological Capital on the Turnover Intention of Nurses Caring for Patients with COVID-19: A Descriptive Survey Study
    Mira Kwon, Yeoungsuk Song, Majd T. Mrayyan
    Journal of Nursing Management.2024; 2024: 1.     CrossRef
  • 1,730 View
  • 81 Download
  • 4 Crossref
Purpose
This study aimed to verify the effect of patient safety environment (PSE) and health literacy (HL) on patient safety participation (PSP) and the mediating effect of HL.
Methods
We recruited patients who were hospitalized at a tertiary general hospital in “D” city. A total of 230 people responded to a questionnaire survey we conducted from March 15 to July 10, 2020. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, independent t-test, One-way ANOVA, Scheffé test, Pearson’s correlation coefficient analysis, and hierarchical regression using SPSS/WIN 26.0.
Results
PSP was found to be significantly associated with PSE (r=.29, p<.001) and HL (r=.44, p<.001). PSE and HL were found to have a significant effect on PSP (power: 23%). HL was found to have a partial mediating effect (indirect effect: 0.09, 95% CI: 0.04~0.14) between PSE and PSP.
Conclusion
The findings from this study can contribute to developing interventions for patient participation in the PSE and providing directions for offering safe and high-quality medical care to patients.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • What Factors Influence Patient Measures of Safety Among Adults?
    Yujeong Kim, Eunhee Nam
    Risk Management and Healthcare Policy.2025; Volume 18: 353.     CrossRef
  • Factors Influencing the Willingness of Hospitalized Children’s Parents to Engage in Patient Safety: A Cross-Sectional Study
    Yujeong Kim, Mingi Chang
    Risk Management and Healthcare Policy.2025; Volume 18: 53.     CrossRef
  • The Influence of Patient Safety Perception and Knowledge on Patient Participation among Inpatients in Comprehensive Nursing Care Service Ward
    Kyung Suk Baek, Chul-Gyu Kim
    Quality Improvement in Health Care.2025; 31(1): 2.     CrossRef
  • Mediating effects of patient safety perception and willingness to participate in patient safety on the relationship between health literacy and patient participation behavior among inpatients
    Mi Hwa Won, Sun-Hwa Shin
    Frontiers in Public Health.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Influence of patient safety perception and attitude on inpatients’ willingness to participate in patient safety: An observation study
    Mi Hwa Won, In Suk Hwang, Sun-Hwa Shin
    Medicine.2024; 103(29): e39033.     CrossRef
  • 1,341 View
  • 41 Download
  • 5 Crossref
Purpose
This study’s purpose is to examine the effects of nurses' incident reporting attitudes, their perceptions of importance of patient safety management, and patient safety culture on reporting patient safety events.
Methods
We used a cross-sectional design with a convenience sample of 192 nurses with more than three months clinical experience from five provincial hospitals. The data were collected through an online structured self-report questionnaire from September 25 to October 15, 2022. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficients, and stepwise multiple regression.
Results
The most important influencing factors for the level of patient safety event reporting were perceptions of the importance of patient safety management (β=.24, p=.005), followed by patient safety culture (β=.23, p=.019), incident reporting attitude (β=.18, p=.016), and near miss reporting experience (β=.14, p=.022). The explanatory power of the model was 33%.
Conclusion
To increase the level of patient safety incident reporting, differentiated education and standardized work procedures are needed. Also, it is necessary to prepare policies that revitalize patient safety reporting systems at medical institutions as measures to prevent patient safety accidents and recurrences.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Patient safety management activities and perceived workload of shift‐work nurses, moderated by the perceived importance of patient safety management
    Kyung Jin Hong
    International Nursing Review.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Predictors of Nurses' Reporting Level by the Types of Patient Safety Incidents
    Ju-Hee Kang, Yeojin Yi
    Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration.2025; 31(4): 434.     CrossRef
  • Relationship between nurses’ critical thinking disposition and patient safety incident reporting: The mediating role of patient safety culture in a comprehensive nursing service ward
    Nam-Yi Kim, Sung-Jung Kwak, Ayman Mohamed El-Ashry
    PLOS ONE.2024; 19(12): e0315679.     CrossRef
  • Impacts of Just Culture on Perioperative Nurses' Attitudes and Behaviors With Regard to Patient Safety Incident Reporting: Cross-Sectional Nationwide Survey
    Nara Han, Seok Hee Jeong, Myung Ha Lee, Hee Sun Kim
    Asian Nursing Research.2024; 18(4): 323.     CrossRef
  • Associations of perceptions of patient safety culture, job crafting, and perceptions of patient rounding with patient safety management activities among tertiary hospital nurses
    Saet-Byeol Kim, Yun-Hee Kim
    Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science.2024; 26(3): 259.     CrossRef
  • 2,154 View
  • 106 Download
  • 5 Crossref
A Systematic Content Analysis of the Closed Nursing Malpractice Claims Related to Patients’ Safety
Hea Kung Hur, Ki Kyong Kim, Ji Soo Jung
J Korean Acad Nurs Adm 2023;29(2):99-108.   Published online March 31, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.11111/jkana.2023.29.2.99
Purpose
The study aimed to classify patient safety accident and nursing malpractice types through a content analysis of litigation cases in which nurses were found guilty.
Methods
Data on malpractice cases were collected from the official website of the Korean judiciary. This analysis was conducted in stages according to the systematic content analysis method. A total of 46 cases consisting of 14 criminal cases and 32 civil cases were selected for analysis, and classified based on the types of safety accident and nursing malpractice.
Results
Eleven categories and 14 subcategories of accidents were extracted from 71 significant statements. The 11 categories of accidents consisted of falls, medication, burns, treatment, diet, medical equipment, delivery, exams, surgery, infection, and suicide. Five categories and 14 subcategories of nursing malpractice were extracted from 71 significant statements. The five categories of malpractice were as follows: failure to take affirmative action to prevent accidents, monitor, follow guidelines, use equipment properly, and reports.
Conclusion
These findings highlight the importance of nurses’ independent roles as patients’ safety managers. It can be used as primary data to develop organizational and educational support for nurses seeking to perform their professional roles in ensuring patient safety.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Effects of Discussion-Based Legality-Focused Nursing Record Education on Nursing Students’ Knowledge, Self-Confidence, and Nursing Record Performance
    Dohye Kim, Kyoungrim Kang, Jeongyeong Jeon
    Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing.2025; 32(1): 14.     CrossRef
  • Influencing Factors of Coping Strategies in Mothers of High‐Risk Newborns: Perceived Stress and Nursing Support
    Jung‐A Kim, Hye‐Young Jang
    International Journal of Nursing Practice.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Development of Guidelines for the Delegation of Nursing Tasks in Integrated Nursing Care Service
    Yeojin Yi, Haena Lim, Ji-Mee Kim, Jung-Hee Song
    Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration.2024; 30(2): 114.     CrossRef
  • Characteristics of Nursing-related Patient Safety Incidents and Qualitative Content Analysis: Secondary data Analysis of Medical Litigation Judgment (2014~ 2018)
    Min-Ji Kim, Won Lee, Sang-Hee Kim, So-Yoon Kim
    Quality Improvement in Health Care.2023; 29(2): 15.     CrossRef
  • 2,887 View
  • 142 Download
  • 4 Crossref
Factors Influencing Patient Safety Management Activities among General Hospital Operating Room Nurses
Seon Mi Kim, Su Hye Kwon
J Korean Acad Nurs Adm 2023;29(2):89-98.   Published online March 31, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.11111/jkana.2023.29.2.89
Purpose
This study was to examine the influential factors on patient safety management activities of operating room nurses in general hospitals.
Methods
The subject of this study were 133 operating room nurses of seven general hospitals in B metropolitan city. Data were collected from July 23 to August 14, 2020 using self-report questionnaires. For data analysis, a descriptive analysis and stepwise multiple regression were utilized with IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows version 22.0.
Results
The significant predictors of patient safety management activities were perception of patient safety culture (β=.73, p<.001) and physical burden (β=-.13, p=.025). These variables were found to contribute 56.3% to the outcomes of patient safety management activities.
Conclusion
Based on the research results, to promote patient safety management activities of operating room nurses, it is required to establish active and multifaceted strategies and systems at the hospital level to enhance awareness of patient safety culture and reduce physical burden.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Study of Patient Safety Culture Awareness of Radiological Technologists in Magnetic Resonance Imaging Laboratories
    Min-Seo Park, Dong-Ha Lee, Hyun-Jin Jo, Hea-Youn Cho, Yeong-Cheol Heo
    Journal of the Korean Society of MR Technology.2024; 34(1): 9.     CrossRef
  • The Effects of a Simulation-Based Patient Safety Education Program on Compliance with Patient Safety, Perception of Patient Safety Culture, and Educational Satisfaction of Operating Room Nurses
    OkBun Park, MiYang Jeon, MiSeon Kim, ByeolAh Kim, HyeonCheol Jeong
    Healthcare.2023; 11(21): 2824.     CrossRef
  • 982 View
  • 40 Download
  • 2 Crossref
Influences of Teamwork and Job Burnout on Patient Safety Management Activities among Operating Room Nurses
Ayoung Kim, Haein Lee
J Korean Acad Nurs Adm 2022;28(5):605-615.   Published online December 31, 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.11111/jkana.2022.28.5.605
Purpose
This study aimed to investigate the influences of teamwork and job burnout on patient safety management activities (PSMA) among operating room nurses. Methods: We collected cross-sectional data from 144 operating room nurses with at least 1 year of clinical experience. Teamwork had five subscales (team structure, leadership, situation monitoring, mutual support, and communication) and burnout had two subscales (exhaustion and disengagement). We used descriptive statistics, t-tests, analysis of variance, Pearson’s correlation coefficients, and multiple linear regression. Results: PSMA had significant positive correlations with all subscales of teamwork and had a significant negative correlation with disengagement. Multiple regression analysis revealed that gender, clinical career in operating room, number of patient safety education, accreditation evaluation experience, team structure, and situation monitoring were associated with PSMA. Specifically, we found significant positive associations of team structure (β=.31, p<.001) and situation monitoring (β=.23, p=.039) with PSMA. Disengagement was not associated with PSMA after adjusting for confounders despite a significant correlation. Conclusion: To improve operating room nurses’ PSMA, it is important to improve their awareness of the team structure and their ability to monitor the operating room situation.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Putting Patients at Risk: The Effect of Health Care Provider Burnout on Patient Care in the Operating Room—A Narrative Review
    Juan Antonio Hueto Madrid, Judith Hargreaves, Beata Buchelt
    Journal of Patient Safety.2025; 21(6): 424.     CrossRef
  • The Effects of Presenteeism, Burnout, and Nursing Performance on Retention Intention among Nurses at an Intensive Care Unit
    Seung-Hee Lee, Na Rin Kim
    Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration.2025; 31(3): 269.     CrossRef
  • THE PERCEIVED INFLUENCE OF BURNOUT ON QUALITY OF PERIOPERATIVE CARE AMONG SURGICAL TEAM IN TEACHING HOSPITALS IN A PERI-URBAN CITY IN SOUTHWESTERN NIGERIA
    Rafiat Omotayo ISHOLA, Olufemi Oyebanji OYEDIRAN, Iyanuoluwa Oreofe OJO, Johnson Adewale AKINOSO, Emmanuel Olufemi AYANDIRAN
    Perioperative Care and Operating Room Management.2025; : 100567.     CrossRef
  • Importance-Performance Analysis of Patient-Safety Nursing in the Operating Room: A Cross-Sectional Study
    Jieun Shin, Nam-Yi Kim
    Risk Management and Healthcare Policy.2024; Volume 17: 715.     CrossRef
  • Effects of Nurse-Nurse Collaboration and Nurse-Physician Collaboration on Nursing Performance in Nurses: The Mediating Effect of Patient Safety Management Activities
    JaHyun Kim, Seok Hee Jeong, Hee Sun Kim, Sunmi Kim
    Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration.2024; 30(4): 343.     CrossRef
  • The Effects of a Simulation-Based Patient Safety Education Program on Compliance with Patient Safety, Perception of Patient Safety Culture, and Educational Satisfaction of Operating Room Nurses
    OkBun Park, MiYang Jeon, MiSeon Kim, ByeolAh Kim, HyeonCheol Jeong
    Healthcare.2023; 11(21): 2824.     CrossRef
  • 1,712 View
  • 90 Download
  • 6 Crossref
Purpose
This study aimed to examine the association of job crafting and perception of patient safety culture with patient safety management activities among hospital nurses. Methods: This study used a questionnaire that contained the scales of Job Crafting, Patient Safety Culture, and Patient Safety Management Activities. The participants were 211 nurses from two hospitals. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, correlations and simultaneous multiple regression. Results: The mean scores of the variables were as follows: job crafting, 3.42 out of 5; perception of patient safety culture, 3.77 out of 5; and patient safety management activities, 4.30 out of 5. The items ‘using professional autonomy’ of job crafting and ‘patient safety knowledge/attitude’ and ‘teamwork’ of patient safety culture were associated with the patient safety management activities among nurses. Conclusion: Nurses’ patient safety knowledge and attitude of striving for patient safety influenced nurses’ patient safety management activities. To enhance nurses’ patient safety knowledge and attitude, hospitals should develop continuously provide education programs. Nurse managers need to strive for supportive teamwork and encourage adherence to patient safety rules. For nurses’ patient safety management activities, nurse education should highlight nursing as a profession that entails autonomous nursing care, which includes responsibility for patient safety.

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  • Associations of perceptions of patient safety culture, job crafting, and perceptions of patient rounding with patient safety management activities among tertiary hospital nurses
    Saet-Byeol Kim, Yun-Hee Kim
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    Jieun Shin, Nam-Yi Kim
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  • Effects of Nurse-Nurse Collaboration and Nurse-Physician Collaboration on Nursing Performance in Nurses: The Mediating Effect of Patient Safety Management Activities
    JaHyun Kim, Seok Hee Jeong, Hee Sun Kim, Sunmi Kim
    Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration.2024; 30(4): 343.     CrossRef
  • Effects of Patient Safety Management System, Leadership, and Communication Types on Nurse’ Patient Safety Management Activities
    Eunji Lee, Haejung Lee
    Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration.2024; 30(4): 367.     CrossRef
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  • 25 Download
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Influence of Clinical Nurses’ Second-Victim Experience and Second-Victim Support in Relation to Patient Safety Incidents on Their Work-Related Outcomes
Su Jin Jung, Youngjin Lee, Sun Hyoung Bae
J Korean Acad Nurs Adm 2022;28(4):331-341.   Published online September 30, 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.11111/jkana.2022.28.4.331
Purpose
This study aims to determine the influence of clinical nurses’ second-victim experience and second-victim support on their negative work-related outcomes. Methods: We used a cross-sectional design with a convenience sample of 179 clinical nurses from two Korean tertiary hospitals. The data were collected through a structured self-questionnaire survey and analyzed via descriptive analysis, independent t-tests, one-way ANOVA (analysis of variance), Pearson correlation coefficients, and hierarchical multiple regression. Results: Second-victim experience revealed a significant negative correlation with second-victim support and a significant positive correlation with negative work-related outcomes. The second-victim experience was found to be a significant predictor of negative work-related outcomes. These factors explained 46.3% of the negative work-related outcomes in the regression model. Conclusion: It is necessary to determine the degree of second-victim experience among clinical nurses and provide second-victim support to prevent future occurrences of negative work-related outcomes.

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  • How does just culture reduce negative work outcomes through second victim distress and demand for support in clinical nurses? A path analysis
    Seohee Jeong, Sunmi Kim, Hyoung Eun Chang, Seok Hee Jeong
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  • Factors influencing negative outcomes for nurses who experience patient safety incidents: An integrative review
    Hanseulgi Lee, Nam‐Ju Lee, Nari Kim
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  • Clinical nurses’ work-life balance prediction due to patient safety incidents using classification and regression tree analysis: a secondary data analysis
    Jiwon Kang, Soon-Sun Kwon, Youngjin Lee
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  • Development of a Patient Safety Simulation Program for New Nurses in the Intensive Care Unit
    Su Jin Jung, Jin-Hee Park
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  • Simulation-based training program on patient safety management: A quasi-experimental study among new intensive care unit nurses
    Su Jin Jung, Ju-Eun Song, Sun Hyoung Bae, Youngjin Lee, Seok Hyun Gwon, Jin-Hee Park
    Nurse Education Today.2023; 126: 105823.     CrossRef
  • 906 View
  • 14 Download
  • 5 Crossref
Purpose
This study is a descriptive research study conducted for the perioperative nurses of operating room to strengthen their capacity for patient safety and use them as basic data for sustainable surgical nursing practice education. Methods: This study adopted a cross-sectional survey design using a self-report questionnaire. Data were collected from January 25 to February 15, 2019 from 142 nurses in the operating rooms of four university hospitals in Seoul and Gyeonggi Province. For data analysis, mean, standard deviation, frequency, percentage, independent t-test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson's Correlation Coefficient, and hierarchical multiple regression analysis were used using SPSS version 24.0. Results: The variables affecting the patient safety management activities of the subjects were operating room safety management education experience (once or more in 3 months) (β=.15, p=.034), perception of patient safety atmosphere (β=.23, p=.022), and safety control (β=.46, p<.001), and the total explanatory power of these variables was 39% (Adjusted R 2 =.39, F=6.41, p<.001). Conclusion: It was found that for positive patient safety management activities of perioperative nurses, it is necessary to develop and apply an operating room safety management education program that includes patient safety atmosphere awareness and safety control as components.

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    Hyo Jin Im, Ju Young Ha
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    Hwa-Young Ahn, Sung-Bok Kwon
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    Hyo Seon Pae, Eun Ji Seo
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    Eunji Lee, Haejung Lee
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  • Effect of Counting Error Prevention Training on Operating Room Nurses’ Counting Error Prevention Awareness and Perceptions of Patient Safety
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    Korean Journal of Health Promotion.2024; 24(1): 20.     CrossRef
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  • Effect of Leader-Member Exchange on Patient Safety Culture in Perioperative Nurses: The Mediating Role of Organizational Silence
    Nayeop Lee, Yoonju Lee
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  • Effects of Grit, Patient Safety Competence, and Patient Safety Culture on the Patient Safety Nursing Activities of Nurses in Comprehensive Nursing Service Wards
    Ji Hyun Kim, Haena Jang
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  • The Effects of Patient Safety Culture Perception and Safety Control on the Patient Safety Management Activities of Psychiatric Ward Nurses
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    Nurse Education Today.2011; 31(5): 450.     CrossRef
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The Relationship between Nurse-Perceived Patient Safety Culture and Patient Safety
Hyunju Ji, Seung Eun Lee
J Korean Acad Nurs Adm 2022;28(3):190-199.   Published online June 30, 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.11111/jkana.2022.28.3.190
Purpose
To examine the relationship between nurse-perceived patient safety culture and patient safety grade in healthcare organizations. Methods: A cross-sectional, correlational study design was used. An online survey was conducted with nurses in three tertiary hospitals in Korea who provided direct care to patients. Data were analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficients and ordinal logistic regression. Results: A total of 526 nurses completed the questionnaire. Among patient safety culture dimensions, staffing and work pace, reporting patient safety events, hospital management support for patient safety, handoffs and information exchange, organizational learningcontinuous improvement, and unit manager support for patient safety were significant predictors for patient safety grade. Conclusion: Efforts should be made to create and enhance patient safety culture in healthcare organizations. This study showed that staffing and work pace were the strongest predictors of patient safety grade, indicating that adequate nurse staffing is important to handle workloads and improve patient safety. Our study also demonstrated the importance of hospital management and unit manager support for patient safety. Therefore, we suggest developing a leadership program for hospital administrators and unit managers, to help them develop the necessary leadership skills for creating a culture of safety in healthcare organizations.

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  • Development and Evaluation of a Multifaceted Intervention Program for Preventing Medication Administration Errors by Nurses
    Won Hee Sim
    Journal of Patient Safety.2025; 21(4): 226.     CrossRef
  • The influencing factors of pediatric nurses’ perception of patient safety culture and partnership with patients’ parents on patient safety nursing activities in South Korea: a descriptive study
    Seo Jin Lee, Young Ran Han
    Child Health Nursing Research.2024; 30(4): 255.     CrossRef
  • Effect of Leader-Member Exchange on Patient Safety Culture in Perioperative Nurses: The Mediating Role of Organizational Silence
    Nayeop Lee, Yoonju Lee
    Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration.2024; 30(5): 462.     CrossRef
  • A Survey on the Perception of Psychiatric Hospital Nurses on Patient Safety
    Sunah Kim, Wongyeong Lee, Chaehyeon Kang
    Journal of Korean Academy of psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing.2022; 31(4): 448.     CrossRef
  • 2,397 View
  • 96 Download
  • 4 Crossref
Purpose
The purpose of this study was to examine the influences of nursing workplace spirituality, organizational citizenship behavior, and perception of patient safety management on patient safety nursing activities of nurses at a tertiary hospital. Methods: The subjects were 136 nurses who had more than a year of clinical experience and were currently working in tertiary hospitals in D city. Data was collected from October 2 to October 13, 2020 using self-report questionnaires. The collected data were analyzed with descriptive statistics, t-test, one-way ANOVA, Scheffe test, Pearson’s correlation coefficient and hierarchical regression analysis using the IBM SPSS 25.0 program. Results: There was statistically significant correlation among nursing workplace spirituality, organizational citizenship behavior, perception of patient safety management, and patient safety nursing activities. The most significant predictor that affected patient safety nursing activities of nurses was nurses’ perception of patient safety management. This model showed a 42.0% explanation of patient safety nursing activities. Conclusion: In order to improve the patient safety nursing activities of nurses, an organizational approach to enhancing perception of patient safety management and application of patient safety education programs are required.

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  • Influence of Perception of Patient Safety Culture, Job Stress, and Nursing Work Environment on Patient Safety Nursing Activities by Emergency Room Nurses
    Eon Mi Lee, Jeong Hyun Cho, Seung Gyeong Jang
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  • Influences of Organizational Culture, Nursing Workplace Spirituality, and Nurses’ Perceived Health Status on Quality of Nursing Work Life according to Nursing Clinical Ladder
    Hyun Sook Lee, Ju Hyun Jin, Ju Ri Lee, Hye Jin Kim, Yeon Jae Jung
    Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration.2024; 30(1): 31.     CrossRef
  • Effects of Grit, Patient Safety Competence, and Patient Safety Culture on the Patient Safety Nursing Activities of Nurses in Comprehensive Nursing Service Wards
    Ji Hyun Kim, Haena Jang
    Journal of Korean Critical Care Nursing.2024; 17(3): 62.     CrossRef
  • 742 View
  • 16 Download
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Influence of the Patient Safety Culture and Nursing Work Environment on Fall Prevention Activities of Hospital Nurses
Se-Young Jung, Eun-Young Kim
J Korean Acad Nurs Adm 2022;28(2):78-87.   Published online March 31, 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.11111/jkana.2022.28.2.78
Purpose
This study was conducted to identify the influence of patient safety culture and nursing work environment on fall prevention activities among hospital nurses. Methods: The participants were 177 nurses working at eight hospitals including clinics, general hospitals, and tertiary care hospitals located in B city. Data were collected using self-report questionnaires and analyzed using descriptive statistics, independent t-test, one-way ANOVA, Scheffé test. Pearson’s correlation coefficients, and hierarchical multiple regression with SPSS/WIN 26.0. Results: Fall prevention activities were positively correlated with nursing work environment (r=.25, p=.001) and patient safety culture (r=.49, p<.001). Fall prevention activities were found to be significantly affected by patient safety culture (β=.47, p<.001) and being a training hospital (β=.21, p=.006). Conclusion: The findings from this study suggest that patient safety culture is associated with fall prevention activities. In order to raise fall prevention activities, it is important to improve patient safety culture. Additionally, the health care organization should develop programs to raise fall prevention activities.

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  • Predictors of Nurses' Reporting Level by the Types of Patient Safety Incidents
    Ju-Hee Kang, Yeojin Yi
    Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration.2025; 31(4): 434.     CrossRef
  • Associations of perceptions of patient safety culture, job crafting, and perceptions of patient rounding with patient safety management activities among tertiary hospital nurses
    Saet-Byeol Kim, Yun-Hee Kim
    Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science.2024; 26(3): 259.     CrossRef
  • Development and validation of a patient-centered communication scale for nurses
    Youngshin Joo, Yeonsoo Jang, Chang Gi Park, You Lee Yang
    BMC Nursing.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Effects of Clinical Nurses Critical Reflection Competency, Professional Pride, and Person-Centered Care Practice on Patient Safety Management Activities
    Subin Lee, Sujin Shin
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    Jongwon Choi, Woochol Joseph Choi
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  • The Effect of Work Value, Psychological Ownership and Nursing Working Environment on Intention of Retention in Hospital Nurses
    Ji Hey Kim, Yoon Ju Cho, So Eun Jang
    Journal of Korean Critical Care Nursing.2023; 16(3): 62.     CrossRef
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  • 96 Download
  • 6 Crossref
Factors Influencing Safety Nursing Activities of Nurses at a Nationally Designated Infectious Disease Hospital
Sung Ae Choi, Ju Young Park
J Korean Acad Nurs Adm 2022;28(1):20-30.   Published online January 31, 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.11111/jkana.2022.28.1.20
Purpose
This study investigated patient safety culture, safety knowledge, incident reporting attitude, and safety nursing activities, and determined the factors influencing nurses’ safety nursing activities at a nationally designated infectious disease hospital. Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive survey was conducted with 169 nurses. Data analysis, including descriptive statistics, independent t-tests, one-way ANOVA, Pearson’s correlations, and hierarchical multiple regression analysis, were performed using SPSS 26.0. Results: Factors influencing safety nursing activities included patient safety culture (β=.26, t=2.39, p=.018), safety knowledge (β=.25, t=2.67, p=.009), and mild severity (β=.17, t=2.52, p=.013). These variables explained 31.0% of the safety nursing activities. Conclusion: Therefore, it is necessary to establish an organizational culture that emphasizes patient safety by establishing safety management regulations for quarantined patients and provision of education on patient safety for employees to empower them to respond to emerging infectious diseases. Additionally, it is essential to operate given the patient’s severity and to increase knowledge about patient safety through regular education based on quarantine facilities and environmental management regulations.

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  • Predictors of Nurses' Reporting Level by the Types of Patient Safety Incidents
    Ju-Hee Kang, Yeojin Yi
    Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration.2025; 31(4): 434.     CrossRef
  • Exploring research trends in nursing organizational culture using topic modeling
    Eun-Jun Park, Chan Sook Park
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  • Risk Factors for Falls or Fractures in Stroke Patients: An Analysis of 2020 Patient Sample Data
    Miso Lee, Mikyung Moon
    The Korean Journal of Rehabilitation Nursing.2024; 27(1): 58.     CrossRef
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  • 14 Download
  • 3 Crossref
Factors Affecting the Degree of Harm from Fall Incidents in Hospitals
Shinae Ahn, Da Eun Kim
J Korean Acad Nurs Adm 2021;27(5):334-343.   Published online December 31, 2021
DOI: https://doi.org/10.11111/jkana.2021.27.5.334
Purpose
This study aimed to examine the factors influencing the degree of harm caused by fall incidents in hospitals.
Methods
This cross-sectional descriptive study used secondary data from the “Korean Patient Safety Incident Report 2019” and was based on the International Classification for Patient Safety conceptual framework. We analyzed a total of 4,176 fall incidents between January 1 and December 31, 2019, in Korea. Multinomial logistic regression analyses were conducted to identify the factors that influence the degree of harm from these incidents.
Results
Among the fall incidents, 443 (10.6%) were sentinel events, 2,514 (60.2%) were adverse events, and 1,219 (29.2%) were near misses. The factors associated with sentinel events were old age (≥60 years), gender, patient diagnosis, medical department, early detection after falls, long-term care hospital, and reporters. Adverse events were significantly associated with diagnosis, medical department, nurses’ night shift time, large bed size, location (i.e., operating room, recovery room, and intensive care unit), and reporters.
Conclusion
Both patient and incident characteristics are significantly associated with the degree of harm in hospitals. Therefore, multiple factors should be considered to establish healthcare policies and thus prevent fall risks and minimize damage following falls in hospitals.

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  • Factors Affecting Fall Incidents at Long-term Care Hospitals: Using Data from the Korea Patient Safety Reporting and Learning System
    Soojin Chung, Jeongim Lee
    Journal of Health Informatics and Statistics.2025; 50(1): 96.     CrossRef
  • Determinants of Harm in Fall Incidents in Hospital Settings With 200 or More Beds in Korea
    Youngmi Kang, Eunyoung Hong
    Journal of Patient Safety.2025; 21(7): 480.     CrossRef
  • Predictors of Nurses' Reporting Level by the Types of Patient Safety Incidents
    Ju-Hee Kang, Yeojin Yi
    Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration.2025; 31(4): 434.     CrossRef
  • Content Analysis of Patient Safety Incident Reports Using Text Mining: A Secondary Data Analysis
    On-Jeon Baek, Ho Jin Moon, Hyosun Kim, Sun-Hwa Shin
    Korean Journal of Adult Nursing.2024; 36(4): 298.     CrossRef
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    Jongwon Choi, Woochol Joseph Choi
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    Jun-Nyun Kim, Sun-Hwa Beak, Bo-Seop Lee, Mi-Ra Han
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  • Trends in infection-related patient safety incident reporting before and during the COVID-19 pandemic in Korea
    Eun-Jin Kim, Yeon-Hwan Park
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  • Factors Associated with Patient Safety Incidents in Long-Term Care Hospitals: A Secondary Data Analysis
    Sookhee Yoon, Myungsuk Kang
    Korean Journal of Adult Nursing.2022; 34(3): 295.     CrossRef
  • 1,425 View
  • 47 Download
  • 8 Crossref
Purpose
This study was conducted to identify the influence of communication self-efficacy and perception of the patient safety culture on the experience of nursing errors among operating room nurses. Methods: A cross-sectional design was used, with a convenience sample of 184 operation room nurses from 16 hospitals in Korea. Data were collected through a structured self-administered survey. The questionnaires included Communication, Self Efficacy, Safety Attitude Questionnaire, and experiences of nursing errors in operation room. Data were analyzed using descriptive analysis, Shapiro-Wilk test, Mann-Whitney U test, Kruskal-Wallis test, Pearson correlation coefficients and multiple linear regression. Results: The experience of nursing errors had significant negative correlations with communication self-efficacy (r=-.39, p<.001) and perception of the patient safety culture (r=-.36, p<.001). Factors significantly influencing the experiences of nursing errors included communication self-efficacy (β=-.25, p=.002), and perception of patient safety culture (β=-.21, p=.009). The overall explanatory power was 19% (F=14.85, p<.001). Conclusion: It is necessary to develop continuous education and programs improving communication self efficacy and perception of patient safety culture to reduce risk of nursing errors in the operating room.

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  • Development of a communication self-efficacy scale for nurses: a psychometric validation study
    Kuem Sun Han, Jihye Shin, Soo Yeon Lee
    Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2025; 55(2): 269.     CrossRef
  • Lived Experiences of Nurses in Delivering Peri-Operative Care
    Emilyn Fajardo, Romeo Tuazon, Ariel Bongco
    Psychology and Education: A Multidisciplinary Journal.2025; 38(8): 861.     CrossRef
  • The relationship between clinical decision-making levels and self-efficacy levels of operating room nurses
    Sedat Kaya, Gizem Kubat Bakir
    Perioperative Care and Operating Room Management.2024; 37: 100416.     CrossRef
  • Efficacy of an error reporting-based education program on nursing students’ skill confidence, immersion, and satisfaction
    Youngsook Lim, Sunae Kim, Ohsoon Yoon, SunJung Park
    International Journal of ADVANCED AND APPLIED SCIENCES.2023; 10(10): 200.     CrossRef
  • The Relationship between Nurse-Perceived Patient Safety Culture and Patient Safety
    Hyunju Ji, Seung Eun Lee
    Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration.2022; 28(3): 190.     CrossRef
  • 1,421 View
  • 61 Download
  • 5 Crossref
A Study on Factors Affecting Near Misses by Nurses in Small-Medium Sized Hospitals
San-Na Lee, Seon-Ha Kim
J Korean Acad Nurs Adm 2021;27(2):75-83.   Published online March 31, 2021
DOI: https://doi.org/10.11111/jkana.2021.27.2.75
Purpose
The purpose of this study was to investigate the status of the near miss by nurses in small-medium hospitals and to identify the factors that affect the near miss. Methods: Data were collected using a structured questionnaire for small-medium sized hospital nurses who had worked for more than one year. A total of 243 questionnaires were used for analysis. The difference in the characteristics of the nurses according to the near miss experience was analyzed by the x 2 test, and the influence factor of the near miss was analyzed by logistic regression. Results: Overall, 155 nurses (63.8%) experienced near misses during the previous 1 year. Among those who experienced a near miss, the medication-related error was the highest at 58.3%. As a result of the stepwise logistic regression analysis, the odds ratio over time work of over 3 hours increased near misses 2.48 (95% CI: 1.21~5.08) compared to the group without overtime. Conclusion: Overtime work seems to be a significant factor in the near miss experience for small-medium hospital nurses.

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  • Predictors of Nurses' Reporting Level by the Types of Patient Safety Incidents
    Ju-Hee Kang, Yeojin Yi
    Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration.2025; 31(4): 434.     CrossRef
  • Association between Nurses’ Perceptions of Patient Safety Culture, Willingness to Report Near Misses, Critical Thinking Disposition, and Nursing Care Activities for Patient Safety
    Da Eun Lee, Bo Gyeong Lee
    Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration.2024; 30(3): 283.     CrossRef
  • Influence of Nursing Manager's Ethical Leadership Perceived by Nurses in Patient-Engaged Nursing Services: Mediating Effect of Patient Participation Culture
    Yea Seul Yoon, Yoonjung Ji, Tae Wha Lee
    Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration.2023; 29(4): 397.     CrossRef
  • A Survey on the Perception of Psychiatric Hospital Nurses on Patient Safety
    Sunah Kim, Wongyeong Lee, Chaehyeon Kang
    Journal of Korean Academy of psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing.2022; 31(4): 448.     CrossRef
  • Effects of Perceived Safety Culture, Nursing Work Environment, and Professional Self-concept on Patient Safety Care Activity of Nurses in Small-medium Sized Hospitals
    Young Ok Cho, Myoung Soo Kim
    Journal of Health Informatics and Statistics.2022; 47(1): 66.     CrossRef
  • 1,882 View
  • 51 Download
  • 5 Crossref
Development of a Simulation Program related to Patient Safety: Focusing on Medication Error
Mi Yu, Eun-Young Kim, Jong Kyung Kim, Youngjin Lee
J Korean Acad Nurs Adm 2021;27(2):107-117.   Published online March 31, 2021
DOI: https://doi.org/10.11111/jkana.2021.27.2.107
Purpose
Ensuring patient safety is an essential professional competency that is conceptualized and developed during undergraduate nursing education. To reduce the incidence of preventable medication errors, it is critical to learn how errors are made and the importance of collaboration with healthcare workers. This study was done to develop a simulation program related to the medication process and improving patient safety in nursing students.
Methods
This methodological study was designed to develop a simulation program on teaching preventable medication errors and communication among nurses, doctors, pharmacists and nurse managers in the nursing management curriculum of colleges of nursing. The design included creation of two scenarios. Guideline-based scenarios were verified by nursing experts using the three-round Delphi method.
Results
The two scenarios using high-fidelity patient simulators or standard patients address ‘resolving medication errors related to patients’ identification and history, and reporting safety incidents’ and ‘resolving medication errors related to medication prescription and dispensing, and reporting safety incidents’.
Conclusion
This simulation program supports practical education for nursing students in the nursing management course and novice nurses in patient safety-related education.

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    Su Jin Jung, Jiwon Kang, Youngjin Lee
    BMC Nursing.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
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    Haengsuk Kim, Wanju Park
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    Se-Young Jung, Eun-Young Kim
    Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2024; 54(4): 563.     CrossRef
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    Soo Jung Chang, Geun Myun Kim, Jeong Ah Kim
    Heliyon.2024; 10(8): e29538.     CrossRef
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    Youngsook Lim, Sunae Kim, Ohsoon Yoon, SunJung Park
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    Mi Ok Song, So Young Yun, Aeri Jang
    Journal of Nursing Education.2023; 62(9): 489.     CrossRef
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    Sun-Young Jung, Hee-Jung Kim, Eun-Kyung Lee, Ji-Hyun Park
    Journal of Korea Society for Simulation in Nursing.2023; 11(2): 107.     CrossRef
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    Shin Hye Ahn, Hye Won Jeong
    CIN: Computers, Informatics, Nursing.2023; 41(10): 780.     CrossRef
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Factors Affecting Patient Safety Culture of Clinical Nurses: Focusing on Authentic Leadership and Team effectiveness
Tae Wha Lee, Phill Ja Kim, Hye Young Lee, Hae Kyung Shin, Hyun Sim Lee, Yoona Choi
J Korean Acad Nurs Adm 2021;27(1):34-42.   Published online January 31, 2021
DOI: https://doi.org/10.11111/jkana.2021.27.1.34
Purpose
This study was conducted to test a structural model for patient safety culture of clinical nurses focusing on organizational policy and interpersonal factors. Methods: A descriptive structural equation model design was used. Participates in this study were 385 clinical nurses. The variables of safety management system, authentic leadership, team effectiveness, and patient safety culture were measured to test the hypothetical model. SPSS 25.0 and AMOS 21.0 were used to analyze descriptive statistics and path analysis. Results: The final model fit satisfied goodness-of-fit and all path were significant. Authentic leadership (β=.54, p=<.001) was reported as the most influencing factor, followed by team effectiveness (β=.24, p<.001) and safety management system (β=.21, p<.001). Safety management system (β=.38, p=.002) and authentic leadership (β=.12, p=.002) had indirect effects on patient safety culture as well. Conclusion: The findings of this study show the importance of authentic leadership, team effectiveness, and safety management system to develop patient safety culture. The health care organization should develop the programs to increase these influencing factors.

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    Young Hee Kim, Mi Young Kim
    Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science.2025; 27(1): 104.     CrossRef
  • Predictors of Nurses' Reporting Level by the Types of Patient Safety Incidents
    Ju-Hee Kang, Yeojin Yi
    Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration.2025; 31(4): 434.     CrossRef
  • Effects of Patient Safety Management System, Leadership, and Communication Types on Nurse’ Patient Safety Management Activities
    Eunji Lee, Haejung Lee
    Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration.2024; 30(4): 367.     CrossRef
  • Patient Safety Culture: Nurses’ Perspective in the Hospital Setting
    Maria José Reyes Ramos, Silvia Costa Abós
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  • Effect of Leader-Member Exchange on Patient Safety Culture in Perioperative Nurses: The Mediating Role of Organizational Silence
    Nayeop Lee, Yoonju Lee
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    Kyung Ran Lee, Na Kyoung Lee, Hee Oh, Kyoung Ae Park
    Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing.2024; 54(3): 459.     CrossRef
  • Nursing leadership style and error management culture: a scoping review
    Eleonora Moraca, Francesco Zaghini, Jacopo Fiorini, Alessandro Sili
    Leadership in Health Services.2024; 37(4): 526.     CrossRef
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    Doo-Nam Oh, Ye-Won Lee
    Quality Improvement in Health Care.2022; 28(2): 2.     CrossRef
  • Validity and Reliability of a Korean Version of the ConCom Safety Management Scale
    Mi Young Kwon, Nam Yi Kim
    International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2021; 18(23): 12514.     CrossRef
  • 1,212 View
  • 54 Download
  • 9 Crossref
Purpose
The purpose of this study is to identify the effects of the organizational factors and nursing competency of novice and advanced beginner nurses on patient safety management activities, and to confirm the mediating effect of informal learning. Methods Responses to questionnaires from 169 novice and advanced beginner nurses in South Korea were analyzed. For model fit and hypothesis, maximum likelihood method and covariance structure modeling were used, and bootstrapping was used for significance level. Organizational factors and nursing competencies were independent variables. Informal learning and patient safety management activities were mediator and dependent variables, respectively. Results Informal learning exhibited a partial mediating effect on the relationship between nursing competency and patient safety management activities and completely mediated the relationship between organizational factors and patient safety management activities. Conclusion In order to improve the patient safety management activities of novice and advanced nurses, there is a need for interventions that can improve organizational changes and individual nursing competency. Based on this, it will be possible to increase patient safety management activities by developing educational programs including informal learning and improving patient safety culture.

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  • Importance-Performance Analysis of Patient-Safety Nursing in the Operating Room: A Cross-Sectional Study
    Jieun Shin, Nam-Yi Kim
    Risk Management and Healthcare Policy.2024; Volume 17: 715.     CrossRef
  • Nursing Students’ Informal Learning of Patient Safety Management Activities
    Nam-Yi Kim
    Healthcare.2021; 9(12): 1635.     CrossRef
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  • 7 Download
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Development and Evaluation of an Informatics System for Nursing Faculty to Improve Patient Safety Teaching Competency
Nam-Ju Lee, Shinae Ahn, Miseon Lee, Haena Jang
J Korean Acad Nurs Adm 2020;26(5):488-500.   Published online December 31, 2020
DOI: https://doi.org/10.11111/jkana.2020.26.5.488
Purpose
This study aimed to develop an educational informatics system for nursing faculty to improve their competencies in teaching patient safety and to evaluate the effectiveness of the system. Methods: We developed a system called, ‘Resource to Enhance Safety Competency and Utilize for Education’ (RESCUE) based on the World Health Organization Multi-professional Patient Safety Curriculum Guide, and it was implemented with full-time nursing faculty in 4-year nursing schools. A one-group pretest-posttest design was used for evaluation. A total of 46 nursing faculty members used the system during a 3-month period. The effects of the RESCUE were measured using a survey including patient safety teaching competency, system usability and user satisfaction. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Results: After using the RESCUE, participants showed a significant increase in self-confidence in teaching patient safety during lectures (Z=-3.61, p<.001) and practica (Z=-3.14, p=.002). Conclusion: The developed informatics system was shown to be effective in improving the self-confidence of nursing faculty in teaching patient safety. To effectively integrate patient safety topics into the curriculum, it can be helpful to utilize the educational materials provided in this study with various clinical cases.

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  • The effects of flipped learning and gamification on nursing students’ patient safety education: A mixed method study
    Soo Jung Chang, Geun Myun Kim, Jeong Ah Kim
    Heliyon.2024; 10(8): e29538.     CrossRef
  • The Effects of Outpatients’ Experiences of Patient Participation on Patient Satisfaction in Korea
    Shinae Ahn
    Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration.2022; 28(2): 88.     CrossRef
  • 999 View
  • 27 Download
  • 2 Crossref
Factors Affecting the Patient Safety Management Activity of Nursing Students: A Quantile Regression Approach
Myungsuk Kang, Yeonsoo Jang, Ui Rim Song
J Korean Acad Nurs Adm 2020;26(3):230-240.   Published online June 30, 2020
DOI: https://doi.org/10.11111/jkana.2020.26.3.230
Purpose
The purpose of this study was to identify factors affecting the Patient Safety Management Activity (PSMA) of nursing students according to levels of PSMA based on the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB).
Methods
A descriptive study was used. The participants were 135 nursing students from universities in Korea. Data were collected with self-reported questionnaires through online survey. The questionnaire consisted of PSMA scale and modified version of the TBP-based questionnaire. Data were analyzed using multiple linear regression and quantile regression.
Results
The average score of PSMA was 4.09±0.44 out of 5 points. In the multiple linear regression, patient safety education, subjective norm, perceived behavioral control and intention were significant factors. In the quantile regression, place of clinical practice (in 75%), patient safety education (in 50% and 90%), subjective norm (in 75%), perceived behavioral control (in 50% and 75%) and intention (in 50%) were significant factors.
Conclusion
We confirmed the dynamic influences of all factors according to the levels of PSMA. It is proposed that the affecting factors according to the levels of PSMA should be considered in designing effective programs to enhance PSMA among nursing students.

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  • Effects of “Room of Errors” Simulation Education for Nursing Students on Patient Safety Management Behavior Intention and Confidence in Performance
    Sun-Young Jung, Hee-Jung Kim, Eun-Kyung Lee, Ji-Hyun Park
    Journal of Korea Society for Simulation in Nursing.2023; 11(2): 107.     CrossRef
  • Development and Evaluation of Patient Safety Education Program for Undergraduate Nursing Students
    Hyun Ju Kim, Young Soon Jung, Yu Kyung Park
    The Korean Journal of Rehabilitation Nursing.2023; 26(1): 39.     CrossRef
  • Development and psychometric evaluation of Clinical Practice Self-Efficacy Scale for nursing students
    Heejung Choi, Sueun Kim, Harim Jeong
    The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education.2022; 28(3): 236.     CrossRef
  • 817 View
  • 28 Download
  • 3 Crossref
Purpose
This study was done to identify effects of nurses' nursing service quality, importance of patient safety management and patient safety culture on patient safety management activities.
Methods
The participants were 246 nurses in tertiary hospitals. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, Mann-Whitney U test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficients, multiple regression with SPSS/WIN 24.0.
Results
A mean score of 4.43±0.44 out of 5 was found for patient safety management activities and a mean score of 3.29±0.27 out of 4 for nursing service quality. A mean score of 3.89±0.48 out of 5 was found for importance of patient safety management and a mean score of 3.28±0.25 out of 5 for patient safety culture. Patient safety management activities were positively correlated with importance of safety management, and with patient safety culture. The results show that importance of patient safety management, patient safety culture, and length in workplace were predictive of patient safety management activities (R2=.25, p<.001).
Conclusion
These results suggest that importance of patient safety management and patient safety culture are associated with patient safety management activities. Intervention programs to improve patient safety management activities are needed to promote the importance of patient safety management as well as patient safety culture.

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    Kyung Jin Hong
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    Eunha RYOO, Hyunbong PARK, Na Yeon SHIN, Soyoung YU
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    Jeeseon Kim, Haejung Lee
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    Seulki Kim, Yoonju Lee
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  • Influences of Nursing Workplace Spirituality, Organizational Citizenship Behavior, and Perception of Patient Safety Management on the Patient Safety Nursing Activities among a Tertiary Hospital Nurses
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Analysis of Patient Safety Incident in Korea
Nam Yi Kim
J Korean Acad Nurs Adm 2020;26(2):151-159.   Published online March 31, 2020
DOI: https://doi.org/10.11111/jkana.2020.26.2.151
Purpose
The purpose of this study was to analyze factors related to patient safety incidents by analyzing '2018 patient safety report data' for Korea, and to prepare a plan for preventing patient safety incidents.
Methods
Analysis was done for 2018 patient safety report data’published in 2019. In 2018, 9,250 patient safety incidents were reported, and for this study data (3,757) from hospitals with more than 500 beds were analyzed. SPSS 25.0 was used for the crosstabulation analysis and multinominal logistic regression.
Results
There were no factors affecting the sentinel event. The main factors of adverse events were age, patient room, treatment room, day duty of nurses, falls, transfusions, and medication.
Conclusion
In order to prevent patient safety incidents, elderly patients should receive verbal and nonverbal communication that will help them understand the complexity of the disease. Finding ways to reduce nurse overtime and reduce human error by computerizing patient monitoring systems, fall prevention activities, and patient safety regulations and procedures are necessary.

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    Young Hee Kim, Mi Young Kim
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  • Factors Related to the Severity of Patient Safety Incidents in Operating Rooms in South Korea
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  • Content Analysis of Patient Safety Incident Reports Using Text Mining: A Secondary Data Analysis
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  • Effects of Nurses' Incident Reporting Attitude, Perception of Importance on Patient Safety Management, and Patient Safety Culture on the Reporting of Patient Safety Events
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Influence of Hospital Ethical Climate and Nursing Professionalism on Patient Safety Management Activity by Nurses
Mi Yeong Mun, Mi Yeon Kim
J Korean Acad Nurs Adm 2019;25(5):458-466.   Published online December 31, 2019
DOI: https://doi.org/10.11111/jkana.2019.25.5.458
PURPOSE
The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of hospital ethical climate and nursing professionalism on patient safety management activity by nurses.
METHODS
A cross-sectional correlation study design was used. Participants included 142 nurses from two tertiary hospitals in Seoul and Gyunggi-do, South Korea. Data were collected in April and May 2019 using self-report questionnaires and analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficients and multiple liner regression analysis with SPSS/WIN 21.0.
RESULTS
The patient safety management activity correlated positively with hospital ethical climate (r=.32, p < .001) and nursing professionalism (r=.40, p < .001). The patient safety management activity was the factor that most influenced nursing professionalism and position, explaining 21% of the variance (F=12.06, p < .001).
CONCLUSION
It is necessary to provide education on professionalism. It is necessary to continuously provide job education and training to nurture competence and quality in professional nurses.

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Patient Safety Management Activities of Clinical Nurse: A Modified Theory of Planned Behavior
Nam Yi Kim, Sun Young Jeong
J Korean Acad Nurs Adm 2019;25(5):384-392.   Published online December 31, 2019
DOI: https://doi.org/10.11111/jkana.2019.25.5.384
PURPOSE
The purpose of this study was to develop a structural model for patient safety management activities and to identify the influencing factors of organizational and individual dimensions that promote patient safety management activities and to suggest effective intervention plans.
METHODS
A structured self-report questionnaire was used to measure organizational factor, attitude, subjective norm, perceived behavior control, and patient safety management activities. The questionnaires were distributed to 300 nurses and 275 were included in the analysis. SPSS 25.0 and AMOS 21.0 were used to analyze the model fitness, indirect effect, and direct effect of the model.
RESULTS
The hypothetical model for patient safety management activities was appropriate. Among the 8 pathways, 6 direct pathways were significant. Organizational factor affected individual attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavior control. Perceived behavior control, and subjective norm affected behavioral intention. Behavioral intention affected patient safety management activities. Perceived behavior control did not affect patient safety management activities.
CONCLUSION
Organizations and individuals must change together to promote patient safety management activities. The organization should establish practical education and training, systems and regulations. Individuals should increase behavioral intention by strengthening perceived behavioral control and subjective norm.

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  • The Effects of Professional Autonomy, Job Satisfaction, and Perceived Patient-Safety Culture on Nurses' Patient-Safety Management Activities: A Cross-Sectional Study
    Bokja Koak, Junglim Seo, Eunji Song, Haneul Shin, Jaehee Jeon
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    Nam Yi Kim, Sun Young Jeong, Camelia Delcea
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  • 12 Crossref
PURPOSE
The objective of this study was to explore the causal relationships among staff nurses' job stress factors, patient safety culture perception, and patient safety nursing activities through path analysis.
METHODS
The participants, 275 staff nurses with over a year of exp rience working at a university hospital in Seoul, completed structured questionnaires. The data were collected from January 5 to February 28, 2018. The data analysis included descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Scheffé test and Pearson correlation coefficients using the SPSS/WIN 24.0 program, and path analysis & bootstrapping using AMOS 24.0 program.
RESULTS
The path analyses of the hypothesized causal model showed a considerable explanatory power for each of the endogenous variables. About 45 percent of organizational culture was explained by work overload, lack of knowledge/skill, inadequate reward, work environment, and communication. The finding in this study confirmed the mediating effect of patient safety culture perception on the relationships between job stress factors and patient safety nursing activities.
CONCLUSION
The proper arrangement of nursing staff, proper treatment and rewards, positive work environment, organizational culture, and smooth communication are needed to promote patient safety nursing activities.

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Experience of Communication for Patient Safety by Perioperative Nurses
Shinae Ahn, Nam Ju Lee
J Korean Acad Nurs Adm 2019;25(4):329-339.   Published online September 30, 2019
DOI: https://doi.org/10.11111/jkana.2019.25.4.329
PURPOSE
The purpose of this study was to explore perioperative nurses' communication experience within the surgical team with regard to patient safety.
METHODS
Data were collected from December 2015 to September 2016, through in-depth individual interviews with 14 perioperative nurses. Individual interviews, once or twice, lasted from 40 minutes to one hour for each session. The main interview question was “How do you describe your communication experience with surgical team members as a perioperative nurse?” Collected data were analyzed using a conventional content analysis.
RESULTS
Two categories of the perioperative nurses' experience of communication were identified: communication contributing to patient safety, communication hindering patient safety. Communication in the surgical team reflected on the unique features of the operating room, such as urgency and a hierarchical organizational culture. However, the nurses recognized ineffective communication could impact on patient safety, and endeavored to overcome communication failures.
CONCLUSION
The results indicate that sharing responsibility, open communication, assertiveness on safety issues, and interprofessional collaboration in the operating room are necessary to ensure effective communication. Thus, respectful culture and an open communication climate based on interprofessional understanding are required to improve communication. Training programs to enhance communication skills should be implemented.

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Relationship among Nursing Professionalism, Nursing Work Environment, and Patient Safety Nursing Activities in General Hospital Nurses
Mi Aie Lee, Sunjoo Kang, Hye Sun Hyun
J Korean Acad Nurs Adm 2019;25(4):317-328.   Published online September 30, 2019
DOI: https://doi.org/10.11111/jkana.2019.25.4.317
PURPOSE
This study was done to identify the relationships among nursing professionalism, nursing work environment, and patient safety activities, and to analyze the factors influencing nurses' patient safety nursing activities.
METHODS
This descriptive study included 270 nurses from six general hospitals. Questionnaires were used to collect data between August 20 and September 21, 2018, using questionnaires. Analyses included descriptive statistics, t-test, analysis of variance, Pearson correlation coefficient, and stepwise multiple regression, conducted using IBM SPSS/WIN 21.0.
RESULTS
Mean scores on nursing professionalism, nursing work environment, and patient safety nursing activities were 3.51±0.41, 2.44±0.45, and 4.39±0.50, respectively. The patient safety nursing activities score was positively correlated with subscales of nursing professionalism variable: professional self-concept (r=.15, p=.019), social recognition (r=.10, p=.036), professional identity in nursing (r=.24, p<.001), role of nursing practice (r=.16, p=.012), nursing foundation for quality of care (r=.19, p=.003), and nurse manager's ability (r=.14, p=.031). Patient safety nursing activities were influenced by professional identity in nursing (β=.22, p=.001) and nursing foundation for quality of care (β=.15, p=.001), which explained 8.0% of the variance.
CONCLUSION
These results suggest that nurse managers should focus on creating an appropriate nursing environment and facilitating nursing professionalism to enhance hospital nurses' patient safety nursing activities.

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Mediating Effects of Burnout between Time Pressure and Safety Care Activities of Nurses
Jungim Yun, Hyun mi Son
J Korean Acad Nurs Adm 2019;25(3):248-257.   Published online June 30, 2019
DOI: https://doi.org/10.11111/jkana.2019.25.3.248
PURPOSE
This study was done to identify the effects of nurses' time pressure on their safety care activities through the mediation of burnout.
METHODS
Participants, 147 nurses with at least one year of work experience in two university hospitals were enrolled in this study. Data were collected using a self-reported questionnaire from July 31, to August 31, 2017 and analyzed with t-test, ANOVA, and Pearson's correlation coefficients. SPSS 23.0 was used for analysis. Mediating effects were examined with stepwise simple and complex regression, and statistical significance was verified with the Sobel test.
RESULTS
Time pressure and burnout were significantly negatively correlated with safety care activities, and there was a positive correlation between time pressure and burnout. Regarding the mediating effects of burnout in the relationship between time pressure and safety care activity, time pressure had a significant effect on safety care activity both directly and indirectly through burnout, confirming a partial mediation effect of burnout.
CONCLUSION
Strategies for enhancing work efficiency to reduce nurses' time pressure are needed to promote safety care activities. Furthermore, because burnout facilitated by time pressure among nurses influences their patient care activities, interventions for burnout management must also be implemented simultaneously.

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A Structural Equation Model of Nurses' Patient Safety Management Activities
Hyeon Hee Park, Soukyoung Kim
J Korean Acad Nurs Adm 2019;25(2):63-72.   Published online March 31, 2019
DOI: https://doi.org/10.11111/jkana.2019.25.2.63
PURPOSE
The purpose of this study was to build and test a model outlining the factors related to nurses' patient safety management activities. The exogenous variables were personal factor, job factor and organizational support. The endogenous factors were safety-related recognition, patient safety culture and patient safety management activities.
METHODS
A survey using a structured questionnaire was conducted among 500 nurses in Korea. The collected data were analyzed using PASW Statistics 18.0 and AMOS 20.0 programs.
RESULTS
Personal factors, job factors, safety-related recognition, and patient safety culture significantly affected nurses' patient safety management activities.
CONCLUSION
These results suggest that patient safety accidents can be prevented by increasing the safety culture and safety related recognition. To improve the safety culture and safety related recognition, measures should be taken to reduce the turnover rate of career nurses and provide sufficient manpower allocation, education and policies.

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Effects of Nursing Workplace Spirituality and Self-efficacy on the Patient Safety Management Activities of Nurses
Ki Yeon Kown, Pok Ja Oh
J Korean Acad Nurs Adm 2019;25(2):106-114.   Published online March 31, 2019
DOI: https://doi.org/10.11111/jkana.2019.25.2.106
PURPOSE
The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of nursing workplace spirituality and self-efficacy on patient safety management activities of nurses.
METHODS
A purposive sample of 212 nurses from two general hospitals was recruited for the cross-sectional survey design. During March and April, 2017, data were collected through structured self-administered questionnaires. The assessment tools were Patient Safety Management Activities Scale, Nursing Workplace Spirituality Scale and Self-efficacy Scale. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, one way ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficients, and hierachical multiple regression analyses with SPSS 22.0 and AMOS 22.0 programs.
RESULTS
The mean score for patient safety management activities by nurses was 4.29. A mean score of 4.49 was found for nursing workplace spirituality and a mean of 3.43 for the degree of self-efficacy. The results of the hierarchical multiple analysis revealed that self-efficacy (β=.31, p<.001) and nursing workplace spirituality (β=.27, p<.001) were predictive of patient safety management activities (R2=.18, p<.001).
CONCLUSION
These results suggest that self-efficacy and nursing workplace spirituality are highly associated with patient safety management activities by nurses. Intervention programs are needed to promote self-efficacy as well as nursing workplace spirituality.

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Effect of Nurses' Perception of Patient Safety Culture on Reporting of Patient Safety Events
Sun Aee Kim, Eun Mi Kim, Ju Ry Lee, Eui Geum Oh
J Korean Acad Nurs Adm 2018;24(4):319-327.   Published online September 30, 2018
DOI: https://doi.org/10.11111/jkana.2018.24.4.319
PURPOSE
This study was done to examine factors influencing nurses' perception of patient safety culture in reporting of patient safety events.
METHODS
Structured questionnaires were used to collect data from 305 nurses who were involved in direct patient care. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficients and multiple linear regressions with SPSS/WIN version 24.0.
RESULTS
Patient safety events were reported as follows: 4.60±0.63 for harmful incidents, 4.02±0.82 for no harm incidents, and 3.59±0.97 for near misses. Patient safety event reporting was significantly positively correlated with patient safety culture. Regression analysis showed, factors influencing reports of harmful incidents were ‘feedback and communication about error’, ‘supervisor/manager expectations’ and ‘carrier of hospital’. Factors influencing reports of no harm incidents were ‘feedback and communication about error’. Factors influencing reports on near-misses were ‘teamwork across units’, ‘overall perceptions of safety’, and ‘feedback and communication about error’.
CONCLUSION
Findings show that reports of near misses are relatively low and need to be strengthened. These results provide evidence that reporting on patient safety events would be enhanced through improved patient safety culture. Hospital managers could identify factors that affect reporting of each patient safety event and use it to develop intervention programs for risk management.

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Factors Influencing Patient Safety Nursing Activities of Nurses in Long-term Care Hospitals
Ju Hui Moon, Sook Hee Yoon
J Korean Acad Nurs Adm 2018;24(4):307-318.   Published online September 30, 2018
DOI: https://doi.org/10.11111/jkana.2018.24.4.307
PURPOSE
The purpose of this study was to identify factors influencing patient safety nursing activities of nurses working in long-term care hospitals.
METHODS
The participants were 126 nurses working in 8 long-term care hospitals in B city. Data were collected from June 26 to July 10, 2017. SPSS/WIN 23.0 was used for analysis with t-test, ANOVA, Scheffé test, Pearson correlation coefficients, and hierarchical multiple regression.
RESULTS
The factors influencing patient safety nursing activities in participants were general characteristics, career in present long-term care hospital, (β=−.23, p=.008), safety control (β=.29, p=.002) and intention to report (β=.19, p=.037); on the personal side, informal communication (β=−.31, p=.005) for the organizational side. These factors contributed 39% of the total variance in patient safety nursing activities.
CONCLUSION
In the organizational dimension of long-term care hospital, formal communication channels should be strengthened to officially direct or report patient safety rather than using informal communication. In order to improve the sense of safety control, which is a personal side of long-term care hospital nurses, it is necessary to provide awareness and education about the continuous safety control and positively prepare the reporting atmosphere to increase long-term care hospital nurses' intention to report.

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Patient Safety Perception of Nurses as related to Patient Safety Management Performance in Tertiary Hospitals
Youn Jeong Choi, Yoon Kyung Kang, In Ja Yang, Ji Young Lim
J Korean Acad Nurs Adm 2018;24(3):193-201.   Published online June 30, 2018
DOI: https://doi.org/10.11111/jkana.2018.24.3.193
PURPOSE
This study was done to identify the relationship between perception of the importance and job performance of patient safety management.
METHODS
This descriptive study was performed using self-report questionnaires. Participants were 200 nurses who worked at 4 tertiary university hospitals where data were collected for 4 weeks in June 2016.
RESULTS
The scores for perception and performance were 4.28 and 4.37 points. A positive correlation was found between perception of the importance of patient safety management and job performance (r=.74, p < .001). In regression analysis, the perception of the importance of patient safety management (β=.74, p < .001) was a significant factor in the performance of patient safety management. The regression model was statistically significant (F=134.43, p < .001) and the explanatory power of the model was 58%.
CONCLUSION
The findings from this study indicate a need to develop strategies to improve perception of the importance of patient safety management. Also, this data should be used as a basis to develop education programs to improve awareness of the importance of patient safety management.

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PURPOSE
The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of perception of importance of patient safety management, patient safety culture and safety performance on managerial performance of hospital nurses.
METHODS
A cross-sectional design was used, with a convenience sample of 393 nurses from seven general hospitals. Data were collected through self-evaluation questionnaires. The data collection period was April and May, 2016 and data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, One-way ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficients and stepwise multiple regression with the SPSS/WIN 24.0 program.
RESULTS
There were significantly positive relationships (p < .001) between hospital managerial performances and perception of importance of patient safety management (r=.36), patient safety culture (r=.51), safety performance (r=.44). Factors influencing hospital managerial performances in the hospital nurses were identified as patient safety culture (β=.34), type of hospital (advanced general hospital) (β=.31), and safety performance (β=.20). The explanation power of this regression model was 39.0% and it was statistically significant (F=183.82, p < .001).
CONCLUSION
The results from this study can be used to develop further management strategies for enhancement of hospital managerial performances.

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Nurses' Perception of Patient Safety Culture and Safety Control in Patient Safety Management Activities
Hee Eun Jang, Yeoungsuk Song, Hee Young Kang
J Korean Acad Nurs Adm 2017;23(4):450-459.   Published online September 30, 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.11111/jkana.2017.23.4.450
PURPOSE
There have been global initiatives and efforts over the last decade to manage patient safety. Thus aims of this study were to examine university hospital nurses' perceptions of patient safety culture and levels of safety control, and to identify factors that affect patient safety management activities.
METHODS
Participants were 222 nurses who had worked as nurses for more than one year and who conducted patient safety management activities at a university hospital. Data were collected using structured questionnaires and were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficient, and multiple regression analysis with SPSS/WIN 20.0 computer program.
RESULTS
General factors which positively impacted nurses' patient safety management were total length of work in nursing, total length of work in present hospital, and experience of a patient safety accident along with safety factors of perception of communication about accident related events and frequency of reporting accident events. These variables explained 45% of the variance in patient safety management activities.
CONCLUSION
The findings from this study suggest solutions to promote patient safety management activities in hospitals and provide basic background for nursing education intervention strategies to promote safety control and patient safety management activities intended for nurses.

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    Mi-Kyung Kim, Sang-Mi Lee
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PURPOSE
This study was done to identify the ways regional public hospital nurses perceive the healthcare accreditation system as related to their patient safety management activities and nursing performance.
METHODS
The participants were 190 nurses chosen with convenient sampling from nurses who worked at regional public hospitals that had obtained healthcare accreditation as of May, 2016 and who had experienced the healthcare accreditation process at least once and whose clinical experience was one year or longer. Collected data were analyzed using t-test, ANOVA, Scheffé test, Pearson correlation coefficients and multiple regression analysis.
RESULTS
There were significant positive correlations between perception of the Healthcare Accreditation System, patient safety management activities and nursing performance. Factors affecting patient safety management activities were activities to improve medical service quality, patient dissatisfaction and difficulties, changes and values. These factors explained 55.4% of variance in patient safety management activities (F=22.25, p<.001). The factors affecting nursing performance were being charge nurses and activities to improve medical service quality. These factors explained 48.1% of the variance in nursing performance (F=16.57, p<.001).
CONCLUSION
Finding indicate that positive perception of the healthcare accreditation system by nurses at local government institutions is a factor in heightening patient safety management activities and nursing performance.

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Policy Issues and New Direction for Comprehensive Nursing Service in the National Health Insurance
Jinhyun Kim, Sungjae Kim, Euntae Park, Suyong Jeong, Eunhee Lee
J Korean Acad Nurs Adm 2017;23(3):312-322.   Published online June 30, 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.11111/jkana.2017.23.3.312
PURPOSE
This study was done to identify issues surrounding comprehensive nursing care within the national health insurance, analyze results and problems within national health insurance and to suggest new policy directions for stability.
METHODS
A literature search was performed using RISS, KISS, PUBMED databases. Eighteen studies were analyzed.
RESULTS
For implementation of comprehensive nursing care, there was improvement in nursing and in facilities. By improvement of structure, this new system showed positive outcomes in term of patient satisfaction and indicators related to patient safety. However, issues related to overload, job stress and evaluation of the system remain. In order to establish this system, staffing levels for nurses and nurse aids need to be adjusted to appropriate levels that reflect requirements for nursing. In addition, range of work needs to be determined clearly. Lastly, regular and systematic evaluation is needed to provide safe quality services to patients and to prevent waste of financial resources.
CONCLUSION
Comprehensive nursing care needs to be implemented in ways that patients can be provided with safe and high quality service. There is a need to resolve several issues to allow this new system to function.

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Effect of Hospital Nurses' Perceptions of Organizational Health and Patient Safety Culture on Patient Safety Nursing Activities
Mi Young Han, Myun Sook Jung
J Korean Acad Nurs Adm 2017;23(2):127-138.   Published online March 31, 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.11111/jkana.2017.23.2.127
PURPOSE
This study was conducted to identify the effects of organizational health and patient safety culture on nursing activities for patient safety as perceived by hospital nurses.
METHODS
A self-report survey was administered to staff nurses of one advanced general hospital and two general hospitals in South Korea. Of the questionnaires, 188 were analyzed.
RESULTS
Organizational health had a significantly positive correlation with patient safety culture (r=.52, p<.001) and patient safety nursing activities (r=.31, p<.001).
CONCLUSION
The findings in this study indicate that among the factors influencing patient safety nursing activities, organizational factors were more important than individual factors, and organizational health had a big effect on patient safety nursing activities.

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